The studies of the optical modulation by the acoustic phonon flux

The mechanism of optical modulation by the domain is attributed to the intense acoustic flux rather than to the high electric field of the domain.     

Spin-singlet Bose-Einstein condensation of two-electron atoms

We report the observation of a Bose-Einstein condensation of ytterbium atoms by evaporative cooling in a novel crossed optical trap. Unlike the previously observed condensates, a ytterbium condensate is a two-electron system in a singlet state and has distinct features such as the extremely narrow intercombination transitions which are ideal for future optical frequency standard and the insensitivity to external magnetic field which is important for precision coherent atom optics, and the existence of the novel metastable triplet states generated by optical excitation from the singlet state.     

Measurement of Cerebral Optical Pathlength as a Function of Oxygenation Using Near-infrared Time-resolved Spectroscopy in a Piglet Model of Hypoxia

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used for measurement of changes in cerebral hemoglobin concentrations in neonates to study cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics. In this study, measurements by time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) were performed in a piglet model with various degrees of cerebral oxygenation to estimate the differential pathlength factor (DPF). A portable three-wavelength TRS system (TRS-10, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.) with a probe attached to the head of a piglet was used. Eleven newborn piglets were anesthetized and respired by a ventilator to induce stepwise hypoxia loading. The DPF showed positive linear relationship with arterial hemoglobin (Hb) oxygen saturation and sagittal sinus venous Hb oxygen saturation at 761 and 795 nm. The DPF at 835 nm also showed very slight positive linear relationship with arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation. The DPF values obtained in this study should contribute to a better understanding of noninvasive measurements by NIRS in neonates.     

Calorimetric and thermoanalytical assessment of mechanically activated PbCO3

Excess enthalpy values, ΔH*, were obtained through the change in the heats of dissolution into Na—EDTA (ΔH*_L) as well as of decomposition to PbO (ΔH*_D). They tallied fairly well with each other, although a slight systematic discrepancy depending on the conditions of vibro-milling was recognized. A good correlation between ΔH* and the relative non-crystallinity was observed when the material was activated under the same conditions with a varying grinding time. Changes in the grinding conditions, such as in amplitude or atmosphere, brought about a considerable shift of the correlation between ΔH* and the non-crystallinity. Thus, under the same degree of non-crystallinity, materials ground in cyclohexane stored a larger amount of energy than those ground in air. These differences in the correlation were discussed by referring the degree of dispersion, the distribution of active sites, and the effect of temperature.