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51.
Nanosized metal deposits on titanium dioxide for augmenting gas-phase toluene photooxidation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The build-up of intermediate species on the surface of TiO2 during gas-phase toluene (C7H8) photodegradation has been observed to deactivate the photocatalyst. Nanosized metallic deposits on the TiO2 surface may enhance the photocatalytic process and improve photocatalyst performance. In this study, noble (Ag, Au) and platinum
group (Pt, Pd, Rh) metals, at a nominal loading of 0.5 at.%, were deposited onto Degussa P25 TiO2 to enhance photocatalyst performance and inhibit deactivation. Pd, Rh and Au deposits delayed photocatalyst deactivation
by a factor of 2, while Pt deposits delayed photocatalyst deactivation by a factor of 20, when compared with neat TiO2. Ag deposits did not improve photocatalyst activity. Metal deposit performance was related to the work function of each metal,
however, the Pt finding suggested that these effects are not governed solely by this aspect, but factors such as deposit characteristics
and/or thermal catalytic properties of the metals may be influential. 相似文献
52.
T. Kasai S. Yamashita H. Nakajima T. Fujii I. Terasaki T. Watanabe H. Shibata A. Matsuda 《Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications》2010
Local density of states (LDOS) and the lattice structure of highly underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ with Tc = 22 K and 30 K were investigated by a low temperature scanning tunneling microscope. The modulation structure of the Bi–O surface was strongly depressed in the highly underdoped samples. The depression was observed only in the samples subject to the strong reduction annealing process, suggesting that the strong reduction in excess oxygen could destroy the modulation structure. At a time, patch-like inhomogeneity in the gap map sometimes disappeared, indicating that the existence of excess oxygen has an important role in the patch formation. Analysis on the LDOS with various doping levels showed that there was no crossover energy, which separates a pseudogap and a superconducting gap and is proportional to Tc. 相似文献
53.
For the first time, a continuous ab initio potential energy surface (PES) taking into account all molecular degrees of freedom is built and used to model the reaction of a polyatomic molecule with a surface. DFT slab calculations are used to sample the configuration space of the system N2O/Cu(1 0 0), and the PES function is built with a method of Manzhos and Carrington [J. Chem. Phys. 127 (2007) 014103] using dimensionality reduction from only 4300 single-point energies. Molecular dynamics simulations are performed on the PES to calculate the probability of dissociative adsorption. 相似文献
54.
K Yoshino M Fujiwara A Tanaka S Takahashi Y Nambu A Tomita S Miki T Yamashita Z Wang M Sasaki A Tajima 《Optics letters》2012,37(2):223-225
A high-speed quantum key distribution system was developed with the wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technique and dedicated key distillation hardware engines. Two interferometers for encoding and decoding are shared over eight wavelengths to reduce the system's size, cost, and control complexity. The key distillation engines can process a huge amount of data from the WDM channels by using a 1 Mbit block in real time. We demonstrated a three-channel WDM system that simultaneously uses avalanche photodiodes and superconducting single-photon detectors. We achieved 12 h continuous key generation with a secure key rate of 208 kilobits per second through a 45 km field fiber with 14.5 dB loss. 相似文献
55.
56.
Hongyuan Wang Toshinari Ugomori Yong Wang Kazuhiro Tanaka Hidetoshi Kita Ken‐Ichi Okamoto Yasunori Suma 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2000,38(13):1800-1811
Poly(ethylene oxide imide) segmented copolymer (PEO‐PI) membranes were crosslinked by the chemical reaction between ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether and benzylalcohol groups of diamine moieties in polyimide segments at high temperatures. Sorption and diffusion of penetrants took place in poly(ethylene oxide) segment microdomains. Sorption and desorption behavior of pure vapors such as benzene (Bz), cyclohexane (Cx) and n‐hexane (Hx) was classified as the Fickian diffusion. Sorption isotherms of binary liquid mixtures could be represented by the Flory–Rehner model, but the model overpredicted the sorption amounts of Cx and Hx, leading to small predictions of sorption selectivity αS for Bz/Cx and Bz/Hx systems. UNIFAC‐FV model fairly well predicted the sorption amounts of aromatic hydrocarbons, but significantly overestimated those of nonaromatic ones, leading to too small predictions of αS. Pervaporation (PV) behavior of PEO‐PI membranes was governed by sorption behavior followed by membrane swelling. Diffusion coefficient weakly depended on the minimum cross section of a penetrant. The diffusivity selectivity αD hardly depended on the feed composition and was about 1.4 and 0.75 for Bz/Cx and Bz/Hx, respectively. PV selectivity αPV was larger for Bz/Hx than for Bz/Cx because of larger αS. PEO‐PI membranes displayed high specific permeation flux Ql and reasonably high αPV for aromatic/nonaromatic hydrocarbons; for example, Ql = 60 Kg μm/(m2 h) and αPV = 8 for a feed mixture containing Bz, Tol, Hx, n‐Ot and i‐Ot of 20 wt % at 353 K. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 1800–1811, 2000 相似文献
57.
T. Ishikawa S. Yamashita Y. Nakazawa A. Kawamoto M. Oguni 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2008,92(2):435-438
Thermodynamic investigation of an organic superconductor κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Ag(CN)2H2O in which the BEDT-TTF dimers are arranged in the κ-type structure in the donor layers is performed by the relaxation calorimetric
technique at low temperatures and under magnetic fields. A thermal anomaly related to the superconductive phase transition
was observed at 5 K. The existence of residual γ* in the superconductive state is about 18% of the normal state γ value, which is larger than those of κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu(NCS)2, and κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br salt. The lattice heat capacity reflected on the β-term in the low-temperature heat capacity was found to be affected
by the cooling rate. The disorder produced in the network structure constructed by hydrogen bond in the insulating layer is
considered to give low-energy phonon excitations reflected in the heat capacity. 相似文献
58.
Li Shiuan Ng Dr. Tharishinny Raja Mogan Jinn-Kye Lee Dr. Haitao Li Dr. Chi-Lik Ken Lee Prof. Hiang Kwee Lee 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2023,62(47):e202313695
The production of green hydrogen through photocatalytic water splitting is crucial for a sustainable hydrogen economy and chemical manufacturing. However, current approaches suffer from slow hydrogen production (<70 μmol ⋅ gcat−1 ⋅ h−1) due to the sluggish four-electrons oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and limited catalyst activity. Herein, we achieve efficient photocatalytic water splitting by exploiting a multifunctional interface between a nano-photocatalyst and metal–organic framework (MOF) layer. The functional interface plays two critical roles: (1) enriching electron density directly on photocatalyst surface to promote catalytic activity, and (2) delocalizing photogenerated holes into MOF to enhance OER. Our photocatalytic ensemble boosts hydrogen evolution by ≈100-fold over pristine photocatalyst and concurrently produces oxygen at ideal stoichiometric ratio, even without using sacrificial agents. Notably, this unique design attains superior hydrogen production (519 μmol ⋅ gcat−1 ⋅ h−1) and apparent quantum efficiency up to 13-fold and 8-fold better than emerging photocatalytic designs utilizing hole scavengers. Comprehensive investigations underscore the vital role of the interfacial design in generating high-energy photoelectrons on surface-degenerate photocatalyst to thermodynamically drive hydrogen evolution, while leveraging the nanoporous MOF scaffold as an effective photohole sink to enhance OER. Our interfacial approach creates vast opportunities for designing next-generation, multifunctional photocatalytic ensembles using reticular chemistry with diverse energy and environmental applications. 相似文献
59.
Six reducing monosaccharides (mannose, galactose, fucose, glucose, xylose, and arabinose) were derivatized with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) and chiral resolution of these racemic PMP-monosaccharides was studied by ligand-exchange CE using borate anion as a central ion of the chiral selector and (S)-3-amino-1,2-propanediol (SAP) as a chiral selector ligand. PMP-mannose, PMP-galactose and PMP-fucose were successfully enantioseparated. Lowering the capillary temperature increased the resolution of PMP-mannose system, but decreased that of PMP-galactose and PMP-fucose systems. Whereas the maximum resolution was obtained at pH 8.9 in the PMP-mannose system, resolution increased gradually with pH in the PMP-galactose and PMP-fucose systems. Expecting the formation of the ternary borate complexes with SAP and PMP-monosaccharide in the CE experiments, the optimized structures of the borate diastereomers were obtained by semiempirical molecular orbital calculations to discuss the structural difference of the diastereomers in connection with the enantioseparation behaviors. 相似文献
60.
Based on torsion angle distributions of frequently occurring substructures, conformation preferences of druglike molecules are presented, accompanied by a review of the relevant literature. First, the relevance of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) for drug design is demonstrated by comparing substructures present in compounds entering clinical trials with those found in the CSD and protein-bound ligands in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Next, we briefly highlight preferred conformations of elementary acyclic systems, followed by a discussion of sulfonamide conformations. Due to their central role in medicinal chemistry, we discuss properties of aryl ring substituents in depth, including biaryl systems and systems of two aryl rings connected by two acyclic bonds. For a subset of torsion motifs, we also compare torsion angle histograms derived from CSD structures with those derived from ligands in the PDB. Furthermore, selected properties of some six- and seven-membered ring systems are discussed. The article closes with a section on attractive sulfur-oxygen contacts. 相似文献