关于n+k相多体系(k≥4)封闭网的构造

本文证明了n+k多体系(k≥4)的全部可能的封闭网均可以通过若干相应的子n+3相多体系的拼合运算得出,从而为具体构造n+k相多体系(k≥4)的全部合理的封闭网,提供了基本方法。     

超导临界温度理论(Ⅱ)

在文献[1]中,我们导出了超导临界温度T-c的一个严格级数表式.本文讨论这个级数的收敛范围,以及通过解析延拓来扩展收敛范围的可能性.结论是:我们的T_c级数(指文献[1]原来的级数,或者经过延拓后的级数)在∞>λ>λ₀的整个范围内,都是收敛的.这里λ₀是Matsubara表象中使决定T_c的方程具有正实数解的最小的λ值.它实际上就是库伦赝势.因此,也许除了少数非常弱耦合的超导体以外,我们的T_c级数能适用于一切超导体.     

多光束共振光压作用下钠原子束的偏转

本文报道了多光束共振光压作用下钠原子束偏转的实验研究结果。文中提出了用多光束与原子束相互作用以增大原子束的偏转量,并可大大降低对激光功率的要求。用一台染料激光器照射钠原子束得到1×10^-2rad的偏转角,偏转距离约7.2mm,并用激光诱导原子束荧光的方法检测原子束的偏转。     

裂缝的张开位移和应变的关系

本文采用Kármán-钱处理亚音速流动方法的精神。处理了弹塑性断裂力学问题.通过建立的“双弹性”模型,从理论上得到了裂缝端部的张开位移和应变的方程组.实例计算结果表明,理论值全部落在实验结果的分散带内.文中并从理论上解释了实验结果与材料的性质及实验条件的关系.本文的结果不仅为宽板实验所证实,也被文献[2]的实验所证实.同时也表明。公式(37)用于工程,能够分析压力容器上应变裂缝的容许极限.     

Molecular dynamic simulations of eicosanoic acid and 18-methyleicosanoic acid langmuir monolayers

The conformational and dynamical properties of Langmuir monolayers of 18-methyleicosanoic acid (18-MEA) and the parent material, eicosanoic acid (EA), are compared using molecular dynamics simulations. The effects on various properties, including film thickness, tilt angle, and order parameter, of the methyl group at the 18 position in 18-MEA were investigated as a function of film-packing density. NVT simulations were run as a function of decreasing areal-packing density similar to experimental Langmuir-Blodgett film compressions and expansions. We find that the order parameters and film thickness for 18-MEA monolayers were markedly different from those of EA. The order parameters for methylene groups for both 18-MEA and EA are greater in the middle region of the chain than at the ends in high-density films. This trend becomes reversed in lower density films. Significantly, our simulations show that the order parameters for methylene groups near the CH3 and carboxyl termini in 18-MEA are comparatively independent of film density in contrast with those of EA. Our findings show that the presence of the methyl group at the 18-position in 18-MEA induces unique intermolecular structural correlations compared to EA.     

低温等离子体转化NO/O2/N2气氛中NO的实验研究

通过建立低温等离子体实验系统, 研究了介质阻挡放电型低温等离子体反应器作用于NO/O2/N2混合气体系时, NO, O2初始浓度对NO的转化效率的影响以及NOx, O3浓度随能量密度的变化关系. 低温等离子体作用于NO/O2/N2混合气体系时, NO同时发生氧化还原反应, 氧化反应占主导地位, 大部分NO转化为NO2; NO转化率随O2, NO初始浓度增大而降低, 能量密度在450～600 J/L时转化率较高; 产生的O3浓度随能量密度的增大呈先增后减的趋势.     

Astrophysical S-factors from asymptotic normalization coefficients

S-factors for direct capture reactions can be found at astrophysical energies from asymptotic normalization coefficients which provide the normalization of the tail of the overlap function. For example the overlap for ⁸B → ⁷Be+p defines the S-factor for ⁷Be (p, γ)⁸B. Peripheral transfer reactions offer a technique to determine these asymptotic normalization coefficients. As a test of the technique, the ¹⁶O(³He, d)¹⁷F reaction has been used to determine asymptotic normalization coefficients for transitions to the ground and first excited states of ¹⁷F. The S-factors for ¹⁶O(p, γ)¹⁷F calculated from these ¹⁷F → ¹⁶O+p asymptotic normalization coefficients are found to be in very good agreement with recent measurements. Following the same technique, the ¹⁰B(⁷Be, ⁸B)⁹Be and ¹⁴N(⁷Be, ⁸B)¹³C reactions have been used to measure the asymptotic normalization coefficient for ⁷Be(p, γ)⁸B. This result provides an indirect determination of S ₁₇(0).     

Electrostatic vs. inductive effects in phosphine ligand donor properties and reactivity

Enhanced rates and selectivity in enzymes are enabled in part by precisely tuned electric fields within active sites. Analogously, the use of charged groups to leverage electrostatics in molecular systems is a promising strategy to tune reactivity. However, separation of the through space and through bond effects of charged functional groups is a long standing challenge that limits the rational application of electric fields in molecular systems. To address this challenge we developed a method using the phosphorus selenium coupling value (J_P–Se) of anionic phosphine selenides to quantify the electrostatic contribution of the borate moiety to donor strength. In this analysis we report the synthesis of a novel anionic phosphine, PPh₂CH₂BF₃K, the corresponding tetraphenyl phosphonium and tetraethyl ammonium selenides [PPh₄][SePPh₂CH₂BF₃] and [TEA][SePPh₂CH₂BF₃], and the Rh carbonyl complex [PPh₄][Rh(acac)(CO)(PPh₂(CH₂BF₃))]. Solvent-dependent changes in J_P–Se were fit using Coulomb''s law and support up to an 80% electrostatic contribution to the increase in donor strength of [PPh₄][SePPh₂CH₂BF₃] relative to SePPh₂Et, while controls with [TEA][SePPh₂CH₂BF₃] exclude convoluting ion pairing effects. Calculations using explicit solvation or point charges effectively replicate the experimental data. This J_P–Se method was extended to [PPh₄][SePPh₂(2-BF₃Ph)] and likewise estimates up to a 70% electrostatic contribution to the increase in donor strength relative to SePPh₃. The use of PPh₂CH₂BF₃K also accelerates C–F oxidative addition reactivity with Ni(COD)₂ by an order of magnitude in comparison to the comparatively donating neutral phosphines PEt₃ and PCy₃. This enhanced reactivity prompted the investigation of catalytic fluoroarene C–F borylation, with improved yields observed for less fluorinated arenes. These results demonstrate that covalently bound charged functionalities can exert a significant electrostatic influence under common solution phase reaction conditions and experimentally validate theoretical predictions regarding electrostatic effects in reactivity.

A detailed analysis of donor properties in solution reveals a major, even dominant, electrostatic effect from charged substituents.     

光谱图像技术结合SAM算法识别自然场景下的成熟柑橘

为了实现采摘机器人在复杂的自然场景下正确识别树上果实,来完成果实采摘,研究了不同环境下柑橘的识别方法.针对复杂的自然环境的影响及传统方法的局限性,在可见光和近红外区域择选5个特征波长滤波片,采集得到5幅滤波后的图像,并利用光谱角分类算法完成柑橘识别.试验结果表明,在光照角度、光照强度等不同条件下,柑橘的识别准确度达到96%.研究表明,滤波片光谱图像技术结合光谱角分类算法可以有效地识别自然场景下的成熟柑橘.     

Stable association complex electrospray mass spectrometry for the determination of cyanuric acid

Cyanuric acid, a suspected gastrointestinal or liver toxicant, has gained interest as a potential degradation product of triazine herbicides, such as simazine and atrazine. This paper investigates the determination of cyanuric acid by stable association complex electrospray mass spectrometry (cESI-MS). The cyanuric acid is extracted from the water through a microscale liquid-liquid extraction. The extract is evaporated to dryness, and an aqueous solution of quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant is added. When injected into the electrospray mass spectrometer, the surfactant and the cyanuric acid form a mass-selective stable association complex, which may be used for confident quantification of cyanuric acid. Several extraction solvents and surfactants were investigated. These studies provide insight into the mechanism of electrospray for the formation of these complexes, specifically with regard to the surface activity of the different surfactants and the chemistry of the surfactant-cyanuric acid complexes. From an analytical standpoint, the cESI-MS method detection limit for extraction of a 1 mL aqueous solution of cyanuric acid was 130 microg/L based on 3.14sigma(n-1) of seven replicate injections. Standard additions were used for quantification of eight aqueous samples. The cyanuric acid concentrations determined with cESI-MS were not significantly different at the 95% confidence level to those determined by conventional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A recovery of 100% from a fortified urine sample illustrates the robustness of the technique.