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171.
172.
Wai Yi Kelly Chan T. W. Dominic Chan Peter B. O’Connor 《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》2010,21(6):1012-1015
Electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) with supplemental activation of the doubly charged deamidated tryptic digested peptide
ions allows differentiation of isoaspartic acid and aspartic acid residues using the c + 57 or z • − 57 peaks. The diagnostic peak clearly localizes and characterizes the isoaspartic acid residue. Supplemental activation
in ETD of the doubly charged peptide ions involves resonant excitation of the charge reduced precursor radical cations and
leads to further dissociation, including extra backbone cleavages and secondary fragmentation. Supplemental activation is
essential to obtain a high quality ETD spectrum (especially for doubly charged peptide ions) with sequence information. Unfortunately,
the low-resolution of the ion trap mass spectrometer makes detection of the diagnostic peak, [M-60], for the aspartic acid
residue difficult due to interference with side-chain loss from arginine and glutamic acid residues. 相似文献
173.
This paper reports a new, simple, rapid and economical method for routine determination of 24 amino acids and biogenic amines in grapes and wine. No sample clean-up is required and total run time including column re-equilibration is less than 40min. Following automated in-loop automated pre-column derivatisation with an o-phthaldialdehyde, N-acetyl-l-cysteine reagent, compounds were separated on a 3mm×25cm C(18) column using a binary mobile phase. The method was validated in the range 0.25-10mg/l; repeatability was less than 3% RSD and the intermediate precision ranged from 2 to 7% RSD. The method was shown to be linear by the 'lack of fit' test and the accuracy was between 97 and 101%. The LLOQ varied between 10μg/l for aspartic and glutamic acids, ethanolamine and GABA, and 100μg/l for tyrosine, phenylalanine, putrescine and cadaverine. The method was applied to grapes, white wine, red wine, honey and three species of physalis fruit. Grapes and physalis fruit were crushed, sieved, centrifuged and diluted 1/20 and 1/100, respectively, for analysis; wines and honeys were simply diluted 10-fold. It was shown using this method that the amino acid content of grapes was strongly correlated with berry volume, moderately correlated with sugar concentration and inversely correlated with total acidity. 相似文献
174.
A Kubo-Greenwood-like equation for the Gilbert damping parameter α is presented that is based on the linear response formalism. Its implementation using the fully relativistic Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker band structure method in combination with coherent potential approximation alloy theory allows it to be applied to a wide range of situations. This is demonstrated with results obtained for the bcc alloy system Fe(1-x)Co(x) as well as for a series of alloys of Permalloy with 5d transition metals. To account for the thermal displacements of atoms as a scattering mechanism, an alloy-analogy model is introduced. The corresponding calculations for Ni correctly describe the rapid change of α when small amounts of substitutional Cu are introduced. 相似文献
175.
Biological specimens have to be prepared for imaging in the electron microscope in a way that preserves their native structure. Two-dimensional (2D) protein crystals to be analyzed by electron crystallography are best preserved by sugar embedding. One of the sugars often used to embed 2D crystals is trehalose, a disaccharide used by many organisms for protection against stress conditions. Sugars such as trehalose can also be added to negative staining solutions used to prepare proteins and macromolecular complexes for structural studies by single-particle electron microscopy (EM). In this review, we describe trehalose and its characteristics that make it so well suited for preparation of EM specimens and we review specimen preparation methods with a focus on the use of trehalose. 相似文献
176.
We study both H and E/Z-eigenvalues of the adjacency tensor of a uniform multi-hypergraph and give conditions for which the largest positive H or Z-eigenvalue corresponds to a strictly positive eigenvector. We also investigate when the E-spectrum of the adjacency tensor is symmetric. 相似文献
177.
MD. Daloar Hossain Le Thi Bao Tran Jong Myung Park Kwon Taek Lim 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2010,48(22):4958-4964
A new, efficient method for synthesizing stable nanoparticles with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) functionalities on the core surface, in which the micellization and crosslinking reactions occur in one pot, has been developed. First, amphiphilic PEO‐b‐PS copolymers were synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization of styrene using (PEO)‐based trithiocarbonate as a macro‐RAFT agent. The low molecular weight PEO‐b‐PS copolymer was dissolved in isopropyl alcohol where the block copolymer self‐assembled as core‐shell micelles, and then the core‐shell interface crosslink was performed using divinylbenzene as a crosslinking agent and 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator. The design of the amphiphilic RAFT agent is critical for the successful preparation of core‐shell interface crosslinked micellar nanoparticles, because of RAFT functional groups interconnect PEO and polystyrene blocks. The PEO functionality of the nanoparticles surface was confirmed by 1H NMR and FTIR. The size and morphology of the nanoparticles was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic laser light scattering analysis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010 相似文献
178.
The environment-assisted cracking (EAC) susceptibility of some aluminum alloys used for airplane structural components currently limits their use in the peak strength condition. Understanding the mechanism of EAC will facilitate the development of crack-resistant alloys with optimum mechanical properties. One component towards understanding the fundamental processes responsible for EAC is a comprehensive knowledge of the chemical conditions within cracks. The present work uses capillary electrophoresis (CE) to quantify the crack chemistry in order to provide insight into the nature of the mechanism controlling cracking. The highly restricted geometry of cracks in metals means that a crack typically contains less than 10 μl of solution. The high mass sensitivity combined with the inherently robust nature of CE makes it an ideal analytical technique for this application. Complicating factors in the accurate determination of the crack environment include high levels of sodium present from the test solution. Low sample volume and analyte matrix complexity necessitated the development of specific sampling, extraction and analysis methods. Analysis of the crack solutions in EAC-susceptible material revealed high levels of Al3+, Mg2+, Zn2+, and Cl− near the crack tip. Cations arise from the anodic dissolution of the alloy, whereas chloride ingress from the external environment occurs to maintain solution electroneutrality within the crack. In contrast, EAC-resistant material exhibited significantly lower concentrations of dissolution products. 相似文献
179.
We review two areas of recent research linking proportional fairness with product form networks. The areas concern, respectively, the heavy traffic and the large deviations limiting regimes for the stationary distribution of a flow model, where the flow model is a stochastic process representing the randomly varying number of document transfers present in a network sharing capacity according to the proportional fairness criterion. In these two regimes we postulate the limiting form of the stationary distribution, by comparison with several variants of the fairness criterion. We outline how product form results can help provide insight into the performance consequences of resource pooling. 相似文献
180.
Jenna L. BowenMarc A. Kelly Mark GumbletonPhilip R. Davies Chris J. Allender 《Tetrahedron letters》2012,53(29):3727-3730
A straightforward method of creating a bifunctional support possessing pre-defined ratios of amine and chloromethyl groups based upon a controlled conversion of standard Merrifield resin is presented. It avoids the extensive optimisation of reactant concentrations and reaction conditions required by existing methods. Furthermore, it avoids increases in the spacer/linker length that lead to detrimental reductions in the rigidity of the grafted layer. The method will allow for efficient, predictable and reproducible co-immobilisation of molecular species. 相似文献