Phonon dispersion curves of a BC3 honeycomb epitaxial sheet

The entire phonon-dispersion curves along the Gamma-M direction of a BC3 honeycomb sheet have been determined both experimentally and theoretically for the first time. Most of the observed curves agreed with the theoretical ones calculated on the basis of ab initio theory. From the stretching force constants of the nearest-neighbor C-C and B-C bonds, together with that of the B-B bond, we clarified the characteristic feature of the C-C and B-C bonds. From the experimental and theoretical results, we discussed the possibility of high T(c).     

Human hand moves proactively to the external stimulus: an evolutional strategy for minimizing transient error

We investigated particularly the proactive nature of the visual-motor system by steady and transient experiments of a hand-tracking task, and confirmed that the hand motion precedes on the average the target motion in steady runs within a finite frequency range of the sinusoidal target motion. The question why and how much the hand motion should precede was answered by frequency-jump experiments. The results implied that the positive phase shift of the hand motion represents the proactive nature of the visual-motor control system which is adaptationally developed for each person to minimize the transient error of the hand motion when the target motion changes unexpectedly.     

STM-based molecular detection of "catch-and-release" of protons for bipyridine bound to phenylene-ethynylene thiol

The protonation/deprotonation response of a novel bipyridine containing (phenylene-ethynylene) thiol adsorbed to a Au surface was investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), showing reversible changes in the average heights (approximately 50 spots) and the height distribution arising from protonation/deprotonation.     

Discovery of temperature-dependent phenomena of muon-catalyzed fusion in solid deuterium and tritium mixtures

A systematic experimental study on muon-catalyzed fusion was conducted using a series of solid deuterium and tritium mixtures. A variety of conditions were investigated, i.e., tritium concentrations from 20% to 70%, and temperatures from 5 to 16 K. With decreasing temperature, we observed an unexpected decrease in the muon cycling rate (lambda(c)) and an increase in the muon loss probability (W). The origins of these observed changes were interpreted by the temperature-dependence in the dt mu formation process for lambda(c) and that in the muon reactivation process after muon-to-alpha sticking for W.     

Template polymerization of columnar architectures based on the salts of a carboxylic acid and 2-amino alcohols: application to the molecular recognition of 2-amino alcohols

The salts of trialkoxybenzoic acids and 2-amino alcohols showed a columnar liquid crystalline phase; in the case of the salt of a polymerizable acid and norephedrine, the photopolymerization proceeded efficiently in the liquid crystalline state, and the resultant solid adsorbed 2-amino alcohols size, regio-, and enantio-selectively.     

60]fullerenoacetyl chloride as a versatile precursor for fullerene derivatives: efficient ester formation with various alcohols

[reaction: see text] [60]Fullerenoacetyl chloride, one of the reactive derivatives of [60]fullerenoacetic acid, was isolated and identified for the first time. This acid chloride was easily synthesized in good yield from tert-butyl [60]fullerenoacetate through two steps. In the presence of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine as a base, the acid chloride smoothly reacted with various alcohols under mild conditions to give the corresponding esters including [60]fullerene-biomolecule hybrids in moderate to high yields.     

Pressure-Sensitive Paint measurement of the flow around a simplified car model

In applying Pressure-Sensitive Paint (PSP) to low-speed flow wind tunnel testing, it is important to minimize any measurement uncertainties. There are various error sources such as camera noise, misalignment of images due to model displacement and temperature distribution over the model. Among these factors, the effects of temperature distribution change during tests on pressure measurement accuracies were studied in the present paper. Pressure and temperature distributions over a simplified car model (1/10 scale Ahmed model) were measured using PSP and Temperature-Sensitive Paint (TSP). Sequential images were acquired at the same intervals over the entire test period, including for the conditions before and after the tunnel run. As a result, it was found that the measurement error caused by temperature distribution over the model could be reduced using a single-point temperature measurement. In addition, by measuring surface temperature distributions on the model using TSP, it was proved that the most accurate pressure measurement could be made by rationing the wind-off image acquired immediately after shutting down the tunnel to the wind-on image acquired immediately before shutting down the tunnel. Using the present measurement technique, complicated pressure fields over the Ahmed model were successfully visualized.     

Correlation between proton transfer and 35Cl NQR frequency as well as molecular geometry of chloranilic acid in co‐crystals with some organic bases

Proton transfer in hydrogen‐bonded organic co‐crystals of chloranilic acid with some organic bases was investigated by nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectroscopy. The ³⁵Cl NQR frequencies of chloranilic acid molecule as well as ¹⁴N NQR frequencies of the organic base molecule were measured with the conventional pulse methods as well as double‐resonance methods, respectively. The extent of proton transfer in the O···H···N hydrogen bond was estimated from Townes–Dailey analysis of the ¹⁴N NQR parameters. The ³⁵Cl NQR frequency and molecular geometry of chloranilic acid are correlated to the extent of proton transfer in the protonation process of the organic base molecule. It is shown that the hydrogen bond affects the π‐electron system of chloranilic acid. Geometry dependence of the O···H···N hydrogen bond, i.e. the H? N valence bond order versus the hydrogen‐bond geometry correlation is also discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.