全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1635篇 |
免费 | 68篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1331篇 |
晶体学 | 16篇 |
力学 | 19篇 |
数学 | 45篇 |
物理学 | 294篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 15篇 |
2021年 | 25篇 |
2020年 | 30篇 |
2019年 | 41篇 |
2018年 | 30篇 |
2017年 | 15篇 |
2016年 | 41篇 |
2015年 | 36篇 |
2014年 | 40篇 |
2013年 | 70篇 |
2012年 | 120篇 |
2011年 | 115篇 |
2010年 | 61篇 |
2009年 | 65篇 |
2008年 | 83篇 |
2007年 | 77篇 |
2006年 | 109篇 |
2005年 | 82篇 |
2004年 | 75篇 |
2003年 | 51篇 |
2002年 | 53篇 |
2001年 | 30篇 |
2000年 | 34篇 |
1999年 | 24篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 20篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 15篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 18篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 20篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1984年 | 17篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 15篇 |
1978年 | 14篇 |
1977年 | 10篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 17篇 |
1973年 | 20篇 |
1970年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有1705条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Xiaolei Wang Miho Emoto Atsushi Sugimoto Yusuke Miyake Kaori Itto Mitsuo Amasaka Shu Xu Hiroshi Hirata Hirotada Fujii Hirokazu Arimoto 《Tetrahedron letters》2014
A scalable synthetic route for 15N-labeled 4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetraethylpiperidine nitroxide (15N-TEEPONE) is described. This 15N-labeled nitroxide is suitable for electron paramagnetic resonance imaging of brain, and its higher sensitivity compared with that of its 14N-counterpart is an important advantage of the labeled derivative. 相似文献
92.
93.
Satoka Aoyagi Keisuke Mizomichi Keisuke Kamochi Ako Miisho 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2022,54(4):356-362
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), when used for the analysis of complex material samples, typically provides data that are complicated and challenging to understand. Therefore, additional data analysis techniques, such as multivariate analysis, are often required to facilitate the interpretation of TOF-SIMS data. In this study, a new method based on the information entropy (Shannon entropy) is proposed as an indicator of the outline characteristics of an unknown sample, such as changes in the material within the sample and mixing conditions. The Shannon entropy values are calculated using the relative intensity of every secondary ion normalized to the total ion count and reflect the diversity of secondary ions in the spectrum. Mixed samples containing two organic electroluminescence materials of different ratios, multilayers of Irganox 1010, and other organic materials were employed to evaluate the utility of Shannon entropy in the analysis of TOF-SIMS data. The findings demonstrate that the Shannon entropy of a spectrum indicates differences in materials and changes in the conditions of a material in a sample without the need for peak identification or the knowledge of specific peaks corresponding to the materials in the sample. 相似文献
94.
Dr. Neil J. Stewart Hitomi Nakano Shuto Sugai Mitsushi Tomohiro Yuki Kase Yoshiki Uchio Dr. Toru Yamaguchi Yujirou Matsuo Dr. Tatsuya Naganuma Dr. Norihiko Takeda Dr. Ikuya Nishimura Dr. Hiroshi Hirata Dr. Takuya Hashimoto Dr. Shingo Matsumoto 《Chemphyschem》2021,22(10):915-923
Hyperpolarized [1-13C]fumarate is a promising magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarker for cellular necrosis, which plays an important role in various disease and cancerous pathological processes. To demonstrate the feasibility of MRI of [1-13C]fumarate metabolism using parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP), a low-cost alternative to dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP), a cost-effective and high-yield synthetic pathway of hydrogenation precursor [1-13C]acetylenedicarboxylate (ADC) was developed. The trans-selectivity of the hydrogenation reaction of ADC using a ruthenium-based catalyst was elucidated employing density functional theory (DFT) simulations. A simple PHIP set-up was used to generate hyperpolarized [1-13C]fumarate at sufficient 13C polarization for ex vivo detection of hyperpolarized 13C malate metabolized from fumarate in murine liver tissue homogenates, and in vivo 13C MR spectroscopy and imaging in a murine model of acetaminophen-induced hepatitis. 相似文献
95.
Cholesteryl esters are the main components of atherosclerotic plaques, and they have an absorption peak at the wavelength of 5.75 µm. To realize less-invasive ablation of the atherosclerotic plaques using a quasi-continuous wave (quasi-CW) quantum cascade laser (QCL), the thermal effects on normal vessels must be reduced. In this study, we attempted to reduce the thermal effects by controlling the pulse structure. The irradiation effects on rabbit atherosclerotic aortas using macro pulse irradiation (irradiation of pulses at intervals) and conventional quasi-CW irradiation were compared. The macro pulse width and the macro pulse interval were determined based on the thermal relaxation time of atherosclerotic and normal aortas in the oscillation wavelength of the QCL. The ablation depth increased and the coagulation width decreased using macro pulse irradiation. Moreover, difference in ablation depth between the atherosclerotic and normal rabbit aortas using macro pulse irradiation was confirmed. Therefore, the QCL in the 5.7-µm wavelength range with controlling the pulse structure was effective for less-invasive laser angioplasty. 相似文献
96.
The aberration theory applied to co-axial optical systems is extended to off-axial systems, for which third-order aberration coefficients are considered. The derived aberrations are analyzed using three-dimensional ray bundles, spot diagrams, and image charts, and classified in relation to the system symmetry. This theory is very useful for optical designers, allowing them to clarify the relationship between the structures of off-axial optical systems and the corresponding off-axial aberrations. 相似文献
97.
Kawada Y Hirata H Fujii H 《Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)》2007,184(1):29-38
This article reports experimental investigations on the use of RF resonators for continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (cw-EPR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. We developed a composite resonator system with multi-coil parallel-gap resonators for co-registration EPR/NMR imaging. The resonance frequencies of each resonator were 21.8MHz for NMR and 670MHz for EPR. A smaller resonator (22mm in diameter) for use in EPR was placed coaxially in a larger resonator (40mm in diameter) for use in NMR. RF magnetic fields in the composite resonator system were visualized by measuring a homogeneous 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidinooxy (4-hydroxy-TEMPO) solution in a test tube. A phantom of five tubes containing distilled water and 4-hydroxy-TEMPO solution was also measured to demonstrate the potential usefulness of this composite resonator system in biomedical science. An image of unpaired electrons was obtained for 4-hydroxy-TEMPO in three tubes, and was successfully mapped on the proton image for five tubes. Technical problems in the implementation of a composite resonator system are discussed with regard to co-registration EPR/NMR imaging for animal experiments. 相似文献
98.
Yoshiki K Kanamaru R Ryosuke K Hashimoto M Hashimoto N Araki T 《Optics letters》2007,32(12):1680-1682
We developed a compact polarization-mode converter for microscopy to control three-dimensional polarization at the focus. The converter consisted of two homogeneously aligned liquid-crystal spatial light modulators with eight independently controllable electrodes (segments), and a quarter-waveplate. The converter converted a linearly polarized beam to three polarization modes: two orthogonal linear polarizations and a pseudo-radial polarization. We applied the converter to second-harmonic-generation microscopy and demonstrated the detection of three-dimensional molecular orientation. 相似文献
99.
Cathodoluminescence (CL) from InGaN grown on GaN hexagonal pyramid structures has been investigated. The facet structure can be controlled by the growth temperature and reactor pressure. GaN pyramid structures surrounded with facets were grown at 1020 C at a pressure of 500 Torr by low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (LP-MOVPE). The indium mole fraction in the InGaN film depends on the facet structure. The thickness of the InGaN and the peak wavelength and intensity of the CL from the InGaN gradually increased from the bottom to the top of the facets. 相似文献
100.
Takayuki Suzuki Tomohiko Kitsukawa Yasushi Hirata Satomi Tanaka Naoya Iwasaki 《先进技术聚合物》2014,25(1):123-129
The copolymer of hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) and photochromic spiropyran methacrylate (SPMA) has been synthesized. The films of the copolymer (P(HPMA‐SPMA)) in a hydrated state showed reversible swelling–shrinking behavior in response to photoreversible isomerization and metal complexation of SPMA units in spite of covalently noncross‐linked copolymers. In addition, the protonated open form of the SPMA units of the copolymer was possibly stabilized thermodynamically by the HPMA units from ultraviolet–visible absorption measurement of the hydrated P(HPMA‐SPMA) film. On the other hand, the difference in color of the hydrated films between P(HPMA‐AABMA) and P(NIPMA‐AABMA), which was a copolymer of N‐isopropyl methacryl amide (NIPMA) and azobenzene methacrylate (AABMA) as a pH indicator, was suggestive of the interference of the proximal hydroxyl groups of the immobilized HPMA units with protonation of the AABMA units. The HPMA units of the copolymers also contributed to improvement of thermodynamic stability of the metal complexes with the SPMA units. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献