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101.
Masayuki Kumon Akimichi Takemura Kei Takeuchi 《Stochastic Processes and their Applications》2011,121(1):155-183
We propose a sequential optimizing betting strategy in the multi-dimensional bounded forecasting game in the framework of game-theoretic probability of Shafer and Vovk (2001) [10]. By studying the asymptotic behavior of its capital process, we prove a generalization of the strong law of large numbers, where the convergence rate of the sample mean vector depends on the growth rate of the quadratic variation process. The growth rate of the quadratic variation process may be slower than the number of rounds or may even be zero. We also introduce an information criterion for selecting efficient betting items. These results are then applied to multiple asset trading strategies in discrete-time and continuous-time games. In the case of a continuous-time game we present a measure of the jaggedness of a vector-valued continuous process. Our results are examined by several numerical examples. 相似文献
102.
We determine the norm and the essential norm of the difference of weighted composition operators on the space of bounded harmonic
functions on the open unit disk. The argument is done on the boundary. 相似文献
103.
You Y Lee S Kim T Ohkubo K Chae WS Fukuzumi S Jhon GJ Nam W Lippard SJ 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2011,133(45):18328-18342
A new phosphorescent zinc sensor (ZIrF) was constructed, based on an Ir(III) complex bearing two 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine (dfppy) cyclometalating ligands and a neutral 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligand. A zinc-specific di(2-picolyl)amine (DPA) receptor was introduced at the 4-position of the phen ligand via a methylene linker. The cationic Ir(III) complex exhibited dual phosphorescence bands in CH(3)CN solutions originating from blue and yellow emission of the dfppy and phen ligands, respectively. Zinc coordination selectively enhanced the latter, affording a phosphorescence ratiometric response. Electrochemical techniques, quantum chemical calculations, and steady-state and femtosecond spectroscopy were employed to establish a photophysical mechanism for this phosphorescence response. The studies revealed that zinc coordination perturbs nonemissive processes of photoinduced electron transfer and intraligand charge-transfer transition occurring between DPA and phen. ZIrF can detect zinc ions in a reversible and selective manner in buffered solution (pH 7.0, 25 mM PIPES) with K(d) = 11 nM and pK(a) = 4.16. Enhanced signal-to-noise ratios were achieved by time-gated acquisition of long-lived phosphorescence signals. The sensor was applied to image biological free zinc ions in live A549 cells by confocal laser scanning microscopy. A fluorescence lifetime imaging microscope detected an increase in photoluminescence lifetime for zinc-treated A549 cells as compared to controls. ZIrF is the first successful phosphorescent sensor that detects zinc ions in biological samples. 相似文献
104.
Kotani H Ohkubo K Crossley MJ Fukuzumi S 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2011,133(29):11092-11095
Addition of potassium superoxide with 18-crown-6 ether (KO(2)(?-)-18-crown-6) to a toluene solution of an acridinium ion-linked porphyrin triad (Acr(+)-H(2)P-Acr(+)) resulted in a remarkable enhancement of the fluorescence intensity. Thus, Acr(+)-H(2)P-Acr(+) acts as an efficient fluorescence sensor for superoxide. Electron transfer from KO(2)(?-)-18-crown-6 to the Acr(+) moiety to produce the two-electron-reduced species (Acr(?)-H(2)P-Acr(?)) results in inhibition of the fluorescence quenching via photoinduced electron transfer, as revealed by laser flash photolysis measurements. 相似文献
105.
Miura H Kanebako M Shirai H Nakao H Inagi T Terada K 《Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin》2011,59(6):686-691
The physicochemical characteristics and oral absorption of a poorly water-soluble drug, K-832, adsorbed onto porous silica (Sylysia 350), were compared with those of K-832 adsorbed onto non-porous silica (Aerosil 200). K-832 and silica were treated with supercritical CO(2) (scCO(2)) to produce K-832-Sylysia 350 and K-832-Aerosil 200 formulations. Scanning electron microscopy, polarizing microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry results suggested that K-832 mainly existed in an amorphous state in both formulations. The specific surface area of both formulations was much larger than that of pure K-832 crystals. The dissolution rate of K-832 from both formulations was considerably greater than that from corresponding physical mixtures due to rapid wetting of the hydrophilic carrier surfaces and amorphous state, the dissolution from the K-832-Sylysia 350 formulation being the fastest. In vivo absorption tests on the two formulations indicated no significant differences in their peak concentration (C(max)) and the area under their plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), while the concentrations of K-832 in the K-832-Sylysia 350 formulation were significantly higher than those in the K-832-Aerosil 200 formulation 1 h and 1.5 h after administration of these formulations (p<0.05). This could be attributed to the different dispersion states of K-832 in the formulations due to their different three-dimensional structures (porous and non-porous). In physical stability tests, the amorphous drugs in both formulations were stable at room temperature for at least 14 months. Thus, the absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs could be greatly improved by adsorption onto porous silica using scCO(2). 相似文献
106.
We present a simulation tool in order to predict gas permeation through heterogeneous, microphase separated structures. The method combines dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) with kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC). Morphologies obtained from DPD are mapped onto a high density grid on which gas diffusion takes place. Required input parameters for the KMC calculations are the gas solubility and gas diffusion constant within each of the pure phase components. Our method was tested and validated for permeation of H(2), O(2), and N(2) gasses through hydrated Nafion membranes at various temperatures and water contents. We predict that membranes that contain an equal volume fraction of water, those with the highest ion exchange capacity exhibit the largest N(2) and O(2) permeation rates. For membranes of the same ion exchange capacity the H(2), O(2), and N(2) and permeability increases approximately linearly with Bragg spacing. We also predict that O(2) gas permeation depends much more on bottleneck phenomena within the phase separated morphologies than H(2) gas permeation. Overall, the calculated H(2) and O(2) permeability is found to be slightly lower than experimental values. This is attributed to the robustness of DPD resulting in ~7% larger Bragg spacing as compared with experiment and∕or increased gas solubility within the polymer phase with water uptake. 相似文献
107.
Watanabe R Fujiwara K Okazawa A Tanaka G Yoshii S Nojiri H Ishida T 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2011,47(7):2110-2112
The 4f-3d exchange couplings were definitively and precisely determined in the dinuclear complexes (Ln-M) involving double μ-oxo-bridges, by means of combined high-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance and pulsed-field magnetization techniques, revealing a monotonic decrease of ferromagnetic J(Ln-Cu) in the order of the atomic number, (64)Gd to (68)Er. 相似文献
108.
109.
The molecular distribution and spreading dynamics of self-spreading lipid bilayers can be tuned by surface-modified metallic nanoarchitectures. Interactions between lipids and molecules in the surface modification alter the self-spreading behavior at the gate regions between adjacent nanoarchitectures, leading to molecular filtering/concentrating effects and modification of the dynamics. The hydrophilic surface can tune the spreading velocity without changing the molecular distribution in the spreading bilayer, whereas the hydrophobic surface provides a molecular concentrating function to the nanogates. This indicates that a combination of unmodified/hydrophobic/hydrophilic nanoarchitectures has a wide range of potential applications since it can be used to independently control the self-spreading dynamics and the molecular distribution. 相似文献
110.