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11.
Sanders LD Zobel BH Freyman RL Keen R 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2011,129(1):301-309
To gain information from complex auditory scenes, it is necessary to determine which of the many loudness, pitch, and timbre changes originate from a single source. Grouping sound into sources based on spatial information is complicated by reverberant energy bouncing off multiple surfaces and reaching the ears from directions other than the source's location. The ability to localize sounds despite these echoes has been explored with the precedence effect: Identical sounds presented from two locations with a short stimulus onset asynchrony (e.g., 1-5 ms) are perceived as a single source with a location dominated by the lead sound. Importantly, echo thresholds, the shortest onset asynchrony at which a listener reports hearing the lag sound as a separate source about half of the time, can be manipulated by presenting sound pairs in contexts. Event-related brain potentials elicited by physically identical sounds in contexts that resulted in listeners reporting either one or two sources were compared. Sound pairs perceived as two sources elicited a larger anterior negativity 100-250 ms after onset, previously termed the object-related negativity, and a larger posterior positivity 250-500 ms. These results indicate that the models of room acoustics listeners form based on recent experience with the spatiotemporal properties of sound modulate perceptual as well as later higher-level processing. 相似文献
12.
Research Supported in part by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, The National Science Foundation, and the PSC-CUNY Fellowship Award Program. 相似文献
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14.
The results of recent powder neutron diffraction investigations of the high pressure and high temperature phases within the
binary Cu and Ag halides are summarised, with emphasis on the relationship between the observed structural disorder and evidence
for fast-ion behaviour provided by other techniques such as ionic conductivity measurements, differential thermal analysis
and molecular dynamics simulations.
Paper presented at the 4th Euroconference on Solid State Ionics, Renvyle, Galway, Ireland, Sept. 13–19, 1997 相似文献
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16.
Bacteria-infected leaves of two species contain isoprenyl 6a-hydroxy-pterocarpinoids including two novel compounds canescacaroin () and clandestacarpin (), for which structure and stereochemistry have been determined. 相似文献
17.
A major problem for an auditory system exposed to sound in a reverberant environment is to distinguish reflections from true sound sources. Previous research indicates that the process of recognizing reflections is malleable from moment to moment. Three experiments report how ongoing input can prevent or disrupt the fusion of the delayed sound with the direct sound, a necessary component of the precedence effect. The buildup of fusion can be disrupted by presenting stimuli in alternation that simulate different reflecting surfaces. If buildup of fusion is accomplished first and then followed by an aberrant configuration, breakdown of the precedence effect occurs but it depends on the duration of the new sound configuration. The Djelani and Blauert (2001) finding that a brief disruption has no effect on fusion was confirmed; however, it was found that a more lengthy disruption produces breakdown. 相似文献
18.
Total neutron scattering data from a powdered sample of MnO collected at 10 K have been analyzed using the reverse Monte Carlo method to refine the nuclear and magnetic structure. The results give the first unambiguous assignment of the average magnetic structure. The magnetic moments are aligned ferromagnetically within (111) sheets with the magnetization vectors of alternate sheets along axes parallel and antiparallel to the <112> directions, albeit with a small modulated out-of-plane component. Small displacements of Mn and O (modulated with the same periodicity) accompany the magnetic ordering and both atomic and magnetic structures may be described in the monoclinic space group C2. 相似文献
19.
MA Freitas CL Hendrickson AG Marshall 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》1999,13(15):1639-1642
We present a novel approach for the determination of activation energy for the unimolecular dissociation of a large (>50 atoms) ion, based on measurement of the unimolecular dissociation rate constant as a function of continuous-wave CO(2) laser intensity. Following a short ( approximately 1 s) induction period, CO(2) laser irradiation produces an essentially blackbody internal energy distribution, whose 'temperature' varies inversely with laser intensity. The only currently available method for measuring such activation energies is blackbody infrared radiative dissociation (BIRD). Compared with BIRD, FRAGMENT: (a) eliminates the need to heat the surrounding ion trap and vacuum chamber to each of several temperatures (each requiring hours for temperature equilibration); (b) offers a three-fold wider range of effective blackbody temperature; and (c) extends the range of applications to include initially cold ions (e.g., gas-phase H/D exchange). Our FRAGMENT-determined activation energy for dissociation of protonated bradykinin, 1.2 +/- 0.1 eV, agrees within experimental error to the value, 1.3 +/- 0.1 eV, previously reported by Williams et al. from BIRD experiments. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
Kozlenko DP Kusmartseva AF Lukin EV Keen DA Marshall WG de Vries MA Kamenev KV 《Physical review letters》2012,108(18):187207
The structural and magnetic properties of deuterated herbertsmithite have been studied by means of neutron powder diffraction and magnetic susceptibility measurements in a wide range of temperatures and pressures. The experimental data demonstrate that a phase transition from the quantum-disordered spin-liquid phase to the long-range ordered antiferromagnetic phase with the Néel temperature T(N)=6 K is induced at P=2.5 GPa. The observed decrease of T(N) upon compression correlates with the anomalies in pressure behavior of Cu-O bond length and Cu-O-Cu bond angles. The reasons for the observed spin-freezing transition are discussed within the framework of the available theoretical models and the recent observation of the field-induced spin freezing. 相似文献