二咔唑四苯乙烯多功能发光化合物的合成与性能

合成了一种新型的具有压致荧光变色效应的聚集诱导增强发光(PAIE)化合物二咔唑四苯乙烯; 通过核磁共振、质谱和元素分析等手段对其进行了结构表征; 利用紫外吸收光谱、荧光发射光谱、热分析和X射线衍射等手段研究了化合物的基本性能. 实验结果表明, 随着水含量的增加, 该化合物溶液荧光强度增强了171倍, 荧光量子产率提高了100倍, 表现出明显的聚集诱导增强发光效应; 在外界因素作用下该化合物固体样品可实现结晶态与无定形态的相互转变. 结晶态的荧光发射波长为450 nm, 无定形态为480 nm, 相差30 nm, 说明该化合物具有明显的压致荧光变色效应; 将该化合物用于制备发光器件, 未经优化的器件亮度达2438 cd/m², 电流效率为2.87 cd/A, 流明效率为1.81 lm/W. 该化合物是一种多功能材料.     

基于时域多普勒修正的运动声全息识别方法

由于运动声源测量信号中多普勒效应的存在,一般声全息方法无法直接使用,而阵列信号波束成形处理方法无法进行定量分析.本方法建立了基于测量面、辐射面和全息面的运动学几何关系,提出了声源与测量信号之间的非线性时间映射方法,基于运动声源的声源特征函数,构造了消除多普勒效应的全息面时域声压分布.全息重建得到运动声源表面有效声压分布,实现了对主要声源处声压幅值的定量估计.实际运动声源的测量实验结果证明了该方法的有效性.     

δ-MnO2对TiO2光催化降解甲基橙的抑制作用

采用动力学方法研究了在水悬浮液中δ-MnO2颗粒物对P-25 TiO2光催化降解甲基橙活性的影响, 并利用紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)和光致发光光谱(PL)对受δ-MnO2污染前后的TiO2样品进行了表征. 动力学研究结果表明, 在3种不同初始pH值条件下, δ-MnO2对TiO2光催化剂都具有明显的致毒效应, 共存δ-MnO2的浓度越大, 致毒效应越明显. 表征结果表明, 由于δ-MnO2 与TiO2之间的界面接触, 使得TiO2吸收带边蓝移, 紫外光区的吸收强度降低, 光致发光信号(PL)明显减弱. 因此, δ-MnO2导致TiO2的禁带宽度增大, 光利用率降低, 并且是光生电子与空穴的复合中心.     

十八硫醇自组装膜对TiO2光电氧化甲醇的敏化作用

纳米电极;甲醇光电氧化;十八硫醇自组装膜对TiO2光电氧化甲醇的敏化作用     

A key to the storage stability of Au/TiO(2) catalyst

The effect of Au(3+) percentage in Au/TiO(2) on its storage stability at room temperature was studied by varying the drying temperature and storage duration of a deposition-precipitation prepared Au/TiO(2) sample. Carefully-designed room temperature storage in a desiccator, in the dark to exclude any interference of light irradiation, was referenced to the freezing storage (255 K) in a refrigerator. The samples were characterized by well-calibrated H(2)-TPR, TEM and TG measurements. Reduction of Au(3+) ions and agglomeration of metallic Au particles were shown to be the main reasons for the deterioration of Au/TiO(2) during desiccator-storage. Correlating the percentage of Au(3+) ions, determined by H(2)-TPR, with the storage stability of Au/TiO(2) for CO oxidation at 273 K revealed that Au/TiO(2) samples with higher Au(3+) percentages (>90%) were much more stable during the desiccator-storage than those with higher percentages of metallic Au. Residual water in fresh Au/TiO(2) before storage showed a promotional effect on gold reduction and agglomeration during storage. By maximizing the percentage of Au(3+) ions and minimizing the residual water in the fresh sample, the deterioration of the Au/TiO(2) catalyst was successfully avoided during desiccator-storage of up to 150 days in dark. A possible mechanism of Au/TiO(2) deterioration during the desiccator-storage was also discussed.     

Spectroscopy and coherent manipulation of single and coupled flux qubits

Measurements of three-junction flux qubits, both single flux qubits and coupled flux qubits, using a coupled direct current superconducting quantum interference device （dc-SQUID） for readout are reported. The measurement procedure is described in detail. We performed spectroscopy measurements and coherent manipulations of the qubit states on a single flux qubit, demonstrating quantum energy levels and Rabi oscillations, with Rabi oscillation decay time TRabi =- 78 ns and energy relaxation time T~ = 315 ns. We found that the value of TRabi depends strongly on the mutual inductance between the qubit and the magnetic coil. We also performed spectroscopy measurements on inductively coupled flux qubits.     

应用表面增强拉曼光谱技术快速检测尿样中的β-兴奋剂

应用表面增强拉曼光谱技术与化学计量法相结合分析克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇和莱克多巴胺3种β-兴奋剂的标准溶液.在取自10头猪的尿样中,分别添加5个不同浓度的莱克多巴胺(1～20 mg/L),采用快速的液液萃取法对样品进行前处理,再进行表面增强拉曼测试.结果表明,克伦特罗和沙丁胺醇标准溶液的最低检测浓度为2 μg/L,莱克多巴胺标准溶液的最低检测浓度为0.1 mg/L;通过偏最小二乘法建立模型进行定量分析,3种药物的实际值与预测值的相关系数(R2)为0.9134～0.9368;本方法可检测尿样中1 mg/L莱克多巴胺,经外部验证后模型的实际值与预测值的相关系数(R2)为0 881,相对分析误差(RPD)为2.83;分析尿液中的莱克多巴胺含量所需时间小于30 min,为快速检测莱克多巴胺提供新途径.     

Flux qubit with a large loop size and tunable Josephson junctions

We present the design of a superconducting flux qubit with a large loop inductance. The large loop inductance is desirable for coupling between qubits. The loop is configured into a gradiometer form that could reduce the interference from environmental magnetic noise. A combined Josephson junction, i.e., a DC-SQUID is used to replace the small Josephson junction in the usual 3-JJ (Josephaon junction) flux qubit, leading to a tunable energy gap by using an independent external flux line. We perform numerical calculations to investigate the dependence of the energy gap on qubit parameters such as junction capacitance, critical current, loop inductance, and the ratio of junction energy between small and large junctions in the flux qubit. We suggest a range of values for the parameters.     

西门子法生产多晶硅的热力学

应用有关热力学数据研究了与西门子法相关的“Si-Cl-H”三元系的复杂化学反应，分别绘制了在体系中存在的15个化学反应的Δ_rG_m^?-T图和K_p^?-T图；还给出在不同压强和不同SiHCl₃/H₂初始比例时的平衡气相成分、η-产率随温度的变化图以及在不同的压强下α因数随SiHCl₃初始物质的量的分数的变化图。热力学研究结果表明，高温、低压和小的SiHCl₃/H₂初始物质的量的比对SiHCl₃还原有利；α因数随着SiHCl₃初始物质的量的比x₄⁰的增大而增大。     

脂肪醛和脂肪酮的沸点与分子结构关系的拓扑化学研究

根据分子拓扑学原理,通过采用信息量丰富的染色分子图代替隐氢图,借助于距离矩阵表征分子图中顶点的连接性和标识分子图中顶点性质的差异,发展了一种适用于含杂原子分子体系结构性能研究的新方法,据此探讨了脂肪醛和脂肪酮的沸点与分子结构之间的关系,提出一个既能合理表征结构性能关系、又能预测沸点的定量关系式。结果表明,沸点预测值与实验值的一致性令人满意,平均误差0.21%。