高压下X射线衍射技术

物质在高压条件下可以发生多种变化。一般地说,起初被压缩,这时,一方面原子间距离减小,另一方面也可能使原子组转移,而后达到一定压力时,可能发生相变。研究物质在高压下的这些变化具有重大的实际意义,也是高压物理学的主要内容。由于这种变化往在是可逆的,必须在加压条件下进行研究,因此高压下X射线衍射技术受到了很大的注意。     

饱和标准电池电动势-温度系数的精确测定

通过精确测试,本文提出了一个在0—40℃范围内适用的饱和标准电池电动势-温度公式. E_t=E₂₀-[39.94(t-20)+ 0.929(t-20)² -0.0090(t-20)³+0.00006(t-20)⁴]×10^-6伏.由于试验电池比国外同类的试验电池多。得到的α值的极差小,所以准确度比国外得到的系数要高.     

掺钕激光玻璃中的无辐射能量转移过程

本文研究了一系列不同类型的掺钕玻璃的吸收光谱、荧光光谱、弛豫光谱和红外振动光谱.测定了这些玻璃的无辐射跃迁几率,计算了多声子跃迁几率.实验表明,由钕离子与基质玻璃的相互作用而引起的无辐射跃迁过程,不能完全用多声子跃迁来解释.由于无机玻璃中激活离子与最邻近配位体之间的共价键因素,即钕离子的4f轨道与配位离子的电子轨道的波函数有一定程度的混杂,所以在玻璃中还存在一种近距离的相互作用.它们对无辐射跃迁过程的影响比声子弛豫过程更强烈,因此,可以认为玻璃中的无辐射跃迁是属于类似内分子的能量转移过程.     

热库中振子弛豫过程的精确解

本文从VonNeumanm方程出发,求出了热库中振子跃迁几率的精确解。在不作弱耦合近似情况下得到了平衡态分布的形式。 关键词：     

用小电离室测量镭所放出的γ射线的剂量率

本工作研究了用石墨、胶木、铝做的不同体积的小电离室的一些性能。并利用它们测出一毫克没有白金包壳的镭所放出的γ射线在离源一厘米处的剂量率(考虑了室壁的极化考虑以后)为8.74±0.27 伦琴/小时 如用Laurrece对于不同厚度白金包壳的校正,得到当有0.5毫米白金包壳时这数值为8.15±0.27伦琴/小时这结果与前人工作在误差范围内符合得很好。     

水平环状日珥的静力学平衡

北京天文台曾于1980年观测到了罕见的环平面与太阳表面平行的完全闭合的环状日珥,其特征寿命约1—2天。本文讨论了这种水平等离子体环在磁力、重力和压力同时作用下的静力学平衡问题。在轴对称矩形截面假定下建立方程组,采用闭合磁场边值,得到零阶磁场(无力场)和密度(压力)解,进一步求得了零阶磁场和密度以及一阶磁场的一个本征解,从而给出水平闭合环状日珥中的一种可能的磁场和密度分布。本文得到的环状日珥的闭合式磁场结构与外界日冕磁场的力线不连通,有助于说明日珥与日冕之间的巨大温度差别。     

Preparation of GaN-based cross-sectional TEM specimens by laser lift-off

Laser lift-off (LLO) technology is successfully used to prepare GaN-based TEM cross-sectional specimens. Detailed procedures of the method to prepare the specimens are demonstrated. Large thin areas suitable for TEM analysis were obtained. TEM images of the resulting GaN interface are studied, and the changes in structural quality are confined to approximately the first 250 nm of the epilayer. Clear TEM images of the whole epilayer and the InGaN quantum wells and the HRTEM images of the superlattice layer are demonstrated, showing that LLO is a quick and ideal method to study the crystal structure of the epilayer, especially if only the upper layers are of interest.     

An open source protein gel documentation system for proteome analyses

Data organization and data mining represents one of the main challenges for modern high throughput technologies in pharmaceutical chemistry and medical chemistry. The presented open source documentation and analysis system provides an integrated solution (tutorial, setup protocol, sources, executables) aimed at substituting the traditionally used lab-book. The data management solution provided incorporates detailed information about the processing of the gels and the experimental conditions used and includes basic data analysis facilities which can be easily extended. The sample database and User-Interface are available free of charge under the GNU license from http://webber.physik.uni-freiburg.de/~fallerd/tutorial.htm.     

Novel porphyrin-fullerene assemblies: from rotaxanes to catenanes

[reaction: see text] Titration of porphyrin-fullerene rotaxanes with DABCO or 4,4'-bipyridine led to photo- and redoxactive catenanic architectures, which upon photoexcitation undergo a sequence of short-range energy and electron transfer events to give a long-lived charge-separated radical-pair state.