Highly photoluminescent nanocrystals based on a gold(I) complex and their electrophoretic patterning

The fabrication of nanocrystals (NCs) composed of the cationic Au(I) complex was demonstrated by the reprecipitation method in which the colloidal solution of the NCs showed brilliant green phosphorescence with a quantum yield of 83% in n-hexane. Characterization of the prepared NCs was performed by transmission electron microscopy observation and elemental analysis with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The obtained Au(I) NCs were particles of random shapes with a diameter of 200-400 nm. The selected-area electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction measurements showed the characteristic diffraction patterns attributable to the crystal structure of the bulk crystal of the Au(I) complex. A similar method was performed with a different counteranion, leading to a colloidal solution of the microcrystals (MCs) with brilliant yellow phosphorescence and a quantum yield of 26% in n-hexane. Luminescence patterning of the NCs and MCs was also achieved successfully by electrophoretic deposition onto an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate, resulting in characteristic luminescence patterns on the ITO substrates with relatively high photoluminescence quantum yields.     

Cyanide-bridged [Fe8M6] clusters displaying single-molecule magnetism (M=Ni) and electron-transfer-coupled spin transitions (M=Co)

Cyanide‐bridged metal complexes of [Fe₈M₆(μ‐CN)₁₄(CN)₁₀ (tp)₈(HL)₁₀(CH₃CN)₂][PF₆]₄?n CH₃CN?m H₂O (HL=3‐(2‐pyridyl)‐5‐[4‐(diphenylamino)phenyl]‐1H‐pyrazole), tp^?=hydrotris(pyrazolylborate), 1 : M=Ni with n=11 and m=7, and 2 : M=Co with n=14 and m=5) were prepared. Complexes 1 and 2 are isomorphous, and crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2₁/n. They have tetradecanuclear cores composed of eight low‐spin (LS) Fe^III and six high‐spin (HS) M^II ions (M=Ni and Co), all of which are bridged by cyanide ions, to form a crown‐like core structure. Magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed that intramolecular ferro‐ and antiferromagnetic interactions are operative in 1 and in a fresh sample of 2 , respectively. Ac magnetic susceptibility measurements of 1 showed frequency‐dependent in‐ and out‐of‐phase signals, characteristic of single‐molecule magnetism (SMM), while desolvated samples of 2 showed thermal‐ and photoinduced intramolecular electron‐transfer‐coupled spin transition (ETCST) between the [(LS‐Fe^II)₃(LS‐Fe^III)₅(HS‐Co^II)₃(LS‐Co^III)₃] and the [(LS‐Fe^III)₈(HS‐Co^II)₆] states.     

Photochemical activation of ruthenium(II)-pyridylamine complexes having a pyridine-N-oxide pendant toward oxygenation of organic substrates

Ruthenium(II)-acetonitrile complexes having η(3)-tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA) with an uncoordinated pyridine ring and diimine such as 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) and 2,2'-bipyrimidine (bpm), [Ru(II)(η(3)-TPA)(diimine)(CH(3)CN)](2+), reacted with m-chloroperbenzoic acid to afford corresponding Ru(II)-acetonitrile complexes having an uncoordinated pyridine-N-oxide arm, [Ru(II)(η(3)-TPA-O)(diimine)(CH(3)CN)](2+), with retention of the coordination environment. Photoirradiation of the acetonitrile complexes having diimine and the η(3)-TPA with the uncoordinated pyridine-N-oxide arm afforded a mixture of [Ru(II)(TPA)(diimine)](2+), intermediate-spin (S = 1) Ru(IV)-oxo complex with uncoordinated pyridine arm, and intermediate-spin Ru(IV)-oxo complex with uncoordinated pyridine-N-oxide arm. A Ru(II) complex bearing an oxygen-bound pyridine-N-oxide as a ligand and bpm as a diimine ligand was also obtained, and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray crystallography. Femtosecond laser flash photolysis of the isolated O-coordinated Ru(II)-pyridine-N-oxide complex has been investigated to reveal the photodynamics. The Ru(IV)-oxo complex with an uncoordinated pyridine moiety was alternatively prepared by reaction of the corresponding acetonitrile complex with 2,6-dichloropyridine-N-oxide (Cl(2)py-O) to identify the Ru(IV)-oxo species. The formation of Ru(IV)-oxo complexes was concluded to proceed via intermolecular oxygen atom transfer from the uncoordinated pyridine-N-oxide to a Ru(II) center on the basis of the results of the reaction with Cl(2)py-O and the concentration dependence of the consumption of the starting Ru(II) complexes having the uncoordinated pyridine-N-oxide moiety. Oxygenation reactions of organic substrates by [Ru(II)(η(3)-TPA-O)(diimine)(CH(3)CN)](2+) were examined under irradiation (at 420 ± 5 nm) and showed selective allylic oxygenation of cyclohexene to give cyclohexen-1-ol and cyclohexen-1-one and cumene oxygenation to afford cumyl alcohol and acetophenone.     

Analytic energy gradient for second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory based on the fragment molecular orbital method

The first derivative of the total energy with respect to nuclear coordinates (the energy gradient) in the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method is applied to second order M?ller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), resulting in the analytic derivative of the correlation energy in the external self-consistent electrostatic field. The completely analytic energy gradient equations are formulated at the FMO-MP2 level. Both for molecular clusters (H(2)O)(64) and a system with fragmentation across covalent bonds, a capped alanine decamer, the analytic FMO-MP2 energy gradients with the electrostatic dimer approximation are shown to be complete and accurate by comparing them with the corresponding numeric gradients. The developed gradient is parallelized with the parallel efficiency of about 97% on 32 Pentium4 nodes connected by Gigabit Ethernet.     

Selective photoinduced energy transfer from a thiophene rotaxane to acceptor

An energy transfer process was investigated using cyclodextrin-oligothiophene rotaxanes (2T-[2]rotaxane). The excited energy of 2T-[2]rotaxane is transferred to the sexithiophene derivative which is included in the cavity of β-CD stoppers of 2T-[2]rotaxane.     

Molecular Design of Polyoxometalate-Based Compounds for Environmentally-Friendly Functional Group Transformations: From Molecular Catalysts to Heterogeneous Catalysts

This review article summarizes our recent researches for molecular design of polyoxometalates (POMs) and their related compounds for environmentally-friendly functional group transformations. The divacant POM [γ-SiW₁₀O₃₄(H₂O)₂]⁴⁻ exhibits high catalytic performance for mono-oxygenation-type reactions including epoxidation of olefins and allylic alcohols, sulfoxidation, and hydroxylation of organosilanes with H₂O₂. We have successfully synthesized several POM-based molecular catalysts (metal-substituted POMs) with controlled active sites by the introduction of metal species into the divacant POM as a “structural motif”. These molecular catalysts can efficiently activate H₂O₂ (vanadium-substituted POM for epoxidation) and alkynes (copper-substituted POM for click reaction and oxidative homocoupling of alkynes). The aluminum-substituted POM exhibits Lewis acidic catalysis for diastereoselective cyclization of (+)-citronellal to (−)-isopulegol. In addition, we have developed POM-based “molecular heterogeneous catalysts” by the “solidification” and “immobilization” of catalytically active POMs.     

Systematic study of protein detection mechanism of self-assembling 19F NMR/MRI nanoprobes toward rational design and improved sensitivity

(19)F NMR/MRI probe is expected to be a powerful tool for selective sensing of biologically active agents owing to its high sensitivity and no background signals in live bodies. We have recently reported a unique supramolecular strategy for specific protein detection using a protein ligand-tethered self-assembling (19)F probe. This method is based on a recognition-driven disassembly of the nanoprobes, which induced a clear turn-on signal of (19)F NMR/MRI. In the present study, we conducted a systematic investigation of the relationship between structure and properties of the probe to elucidate the mechanism of this turn-on (19)F NMR sensing in detail. Newly synthesized (19)F probes showed three distinct behaviors in response to the target protein: off/on, always-on, and always-off modes. We clearly demonstrated that these differences in protein response could be explained by differences in the stability of the probe aggregates and that "moderate stability" of the aggregates produced an ideal turn-on response in protein detection. We also successfully controlled the aggregate stability by changing the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity balance of the probes. The detailed understanding of the detection mechanism allowed us to rationally design a turn-on (19)F NMR probe with improved sensitivity, giving a higher image intensity for the target protein in (19)F MRI.     

Layered assemblies of a dialuminum-substituted silicotungstate trimer and the reversible interlayer cation-exchange properties

Two polyoxometalate assemblies, TBA(9)[{γ-H(2)SiW(10)O(36)Al(2)(μ-OH)(2)(μ-OH)}(3)] (1; TBA = tetra-n-butylammonium) and TBA(6)Li(3)[{γ-H(2)SiW(10)O(36)Al(2)(μ-OH)(2)(μ-OH)}(3)]·18H(2)O (2), were synthesized by trimerization of a dialuminum-substituted silicotungstate monomer. Both 1 and 2 possessed a layered structure composed of a basal sheet unit [TBA(3){γ-H(2)SiW(10)O(36)Al(2)(μ-OH)(2)(μ-OH)}(3)](6-) and interlayer cations. The interconversion between 1 and 2 reversibly took place through interlayer cation exchange.     

Experimental assessment of quasi-binary picture of thermotropics: induced smectic A phase in 7CB-n-heptane system

Quasi-binary (QB) picture of thermotropics, which regards a neat thermotropic liquid crystal as a binary system consisting of (semi)rigid core and molten alkyl chain, was assessed experimentally for the most famous (and representative) thermotropic mesogenic series nCB. By adding n-heptane as solvent, the smectic A phase was induced in 7CB-n-heptane system. Small angle x-ray diffraction showed that the QB picture holds not only in the phase behavior but also in the structure. It is suggested that the melting of 8CB and 9CB to isotropic liquid via smectic and nematic liquid crystals can be understood as a thermotropic-lyotropic crossover.     

Electroless galvanic inks on inorganic WO3/Al boards

A tungsten trioxide (WO(3)) coated aluminium (Al) substrate exhibits a reversible color change without light irradiation or an electric power supply. The sample turns blue upon exposure to an aqueous acid solution, but exposure to oxygen restores the original light yellow color. This color change is due to the galvanic redox reaction between WO(3) and Al.