P-Chirogenic phosphonium salts: preparation and use in Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of enamides

P-Chirogenic trialkylphosphonium salts were prepared from the corresponding free phosphines by treatment with a strong acid (HBF₄ or HOTf). No racemization of the phosphonium salts occurred in methanol or water even at considerably high temperature. The salts were conveniently used in rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of enamides.     

Spectrophotometric determination of copper(II) with carbon disulfide,a secondary amine and triton X-100

Copper(II) is determined by non-extractive spectrophotometry as a complex of butylene dithiocarbamate formed in situ by reaction between carbon disulfide and pyrrolidine in aqueous Triton X-100 medium. This method is similar to that with butylene dithiocarbamate as starting material in the sense of simplicity, sensitivity, precision and accuracy. Pyrrolidine is the best of seven secondary amines tested in this way for copper determinations.     

A new on-line sample preparation system for the liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry simultaneous analysis of pesticides in river water.

Current on-line solid-phase extraction methods combined with HPLC for shortening the clean-up operation are not suitable for simultaneously detecting compounds that have a wide variety of hydrophobicities. To solve these problems, we designed a new on-line sample preparation system. The system consists of an eluting pump, a mixing TEE connector, a 10-port 2-position valve and a solid-phase extraction precolumn. The eluate from the precolumn is diluted with a weak solvent from the HPLC at the TEE connection to load low hydrophobic compounds onto the analytical column. The proposed on-line sample preparation system was successfully applied to the simultaneous analysis of 21 pesticides in river water using LC/TOF-MS. In this method, the recoveries from river water samples were 67 to 126% (mean 83%), the reproducibility (CV%) was in the range from 1.1 to 11% (mean 5.6%), the calibration curve was linear in the range from 1 ppb to 500 ppb (r > 0.999) and the detection limits (S/N = 3) were in the range from 0.0034 ppb (daimuron) to 3.3 ppb (oxine-copper).     

Control of the bioluminescence starting time by inoculated cell density.

In this study, we attempted to control the timing of light-emission from bioluminescent bacteria, by changed cell numbers inoculated into medium. Luminous bacteria express bioluminescence when the number of cells reached a threshold. Inoculated cell density had an effect on the time of bioluminescence starting. Samples were prepared by varying cell density of inoculation. In the results, all the vials showed different luminescence profiles in the order of inoculated cell population.     

Hydration Structure Around the Carboxyl Group Studied by Neutron Diffraction with 12C/13C and H/D Isotopic Substitution Methods

Time-of-Flight (TOF) neutron diffraction measurements have been carried out on aqueous 8 mol% sodium acetate solutions in D₂O. Scattering cross sections that were observed for sample solutions involving ¹²C/¹³C and H/D isotopically substituted acetate ions were used to derive the first-order difference functions, Δ_H(Q) and Δ_C(Q), and corresponding distribution functions, G _H(r;r) and G _C(r;r), which describe the environmental structure around the methyl and the carboxyl groups within the acetate ion, respectively. Structural parameters concerning the first hydration shell of the carboxyl group within the acetate ion were obtained through the least squares fit to the observed intermolecular difference function, Δ_C ^inter(Q). The nearest neighbor C _O...D _W1 (C_O: carboxyl carbon atom, D_W1: water deuterium atom) distance, r(C _O...D _W1 ), and the angle, ∠ C _O ...D _W1 -O _W (O _W : water oxygen atom), were determined to be 2.63(1) Å and 120(1)°, respectively. The coordination number, n(C _O ...D _W1 ), was obtained to be 4.0(1). These results are consistent with the hydration structure in which water molecules in the first hydration shell of the carboxyl group are hydrogen-bonded with oxygen atoms of the carboxyl group.     

Mass spectrometric studies of alkyl-, phenyl- and chloropyrimidines

The mass spectra of alkyl- and chloropyrimidines are recorded. A generalised fragmentation mechanism for the derivatives of pyrimidine is proposed. The principle of α-cleavage for heterocyclic compounds as proposed in the previous paper is shown to be valid for pyrimidine derivatives. Electronic structures of some molecular and intermediate ions are calculated by the openshell CNDO/2 and INDO methods.     

Evaluation of radioimmunoassay of the blood tobramycin level for the purpose of setting the dosage based on the clinical pharmacokinetic theory and a comparison of radioimmunoassay with other assay methods

With the purpose to use for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), blood concentrations of tobramycin (TOB) in each patient were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). A RIA kit of TOB (Clinical assay-Japan Travenol) was evaluated for precision and recovery, in that partial improvement of the method was made, in order to measure low level of TOB. The RIA was compared with high-performance-liquid-chromatography (HPLC), bioassay (BA) and 2 kinds of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (EMIT and SLFIA). The RIA of TOB revealed high precision (1.8-2.4% in C.V.) and high reproducibility (5.0-6.9% in C.V.). It was found that this RIA kit can be used for measuring low level of serum TOB concentrations by a modification of the method. The total range of measurable blood level is from 0.1 to 16.0 micrograms/ml. The nearly one to one correspondence was observed between RIA and other 4 methods, when 154 samples obtained from 18 cases were measured. A representative case of TDM for TOB was demonstrated, in which predicted concentrations agreed fairly well with actual measured values at steady state. It was concluded that the RIA kit is useful for clinical application of TDM for the adequate dosage regimen of TOB. Modification of the method for rapid assay of a small number of samples will increase the clinical usefulness.