The influence of atomic displacements on the electrical resistivity due to vacancies in simple metals

The influence of atomic displacements around a vacancy on the electrical resistivity due to vacancies in simple metals has been calculated by the pseudopotential method. The influence of atomic displacements on the electrical resistivity was very large and the resistivity has a minimum at an appropriate relaxation. Therefore it is very important to take into account the effect of the lattice distortions considering the individual atomic displacements around vacancies in the calculation of the electrical resistivity due to vacancies.     

On the synthetic approach to the protopine alkaloids

The synthetic approach to the protopine alkaloids is described. Efficient construction of the alkaloid models 16a and 16b was accomplished by the general synthetic method consisting of photo-oxygenative ring enlargement of tetrahydrobenzindenoazepines 13a and 13b by singlet oxygen and further elaboration of the resultant 10-membered amido-ketone products 14a and 14b.     

Green oxidation with aqueous hydrogen peroxide

Aqueous H2O2 is an ideal oxidant, when coupled with a tungstate complex and a quaternary ammonium hydrogensulfate as an acidic phase-transfer catalyst. It oxidizes alcohols, olefins, and sulfides under organic solvent- and halide-free conditions in an economically, technically, and environmentally satisfying manner.     

Template polymerization of columnar architectures based on the salts of a carboxylic acid and 2-amino alcohols: application to the molecular recognition of 2-amino alcohols

The salts of trialkoxybenzoic acids and 2-amino alcohols showed a columnar liquid crystalline phase; in the case of the salt of a polymerizable acid and norephedrine, the photopolymerization proceeded efficiently in the liquid crystalline state, and the resultant solid adsorbed 2-amino alcohols size, regio-, and enantio-selectively.     

60]fullerenoacetyl chloride as a versatile precursor for fullerene derivatives: efficient ester formation with various alcohols

[reaction: see text] [60]Fullerenoacetyl chloride, one of the reactive derivatives of [60]fullerenoacetic acid, was isolated and identified for the first time. This acid chloride was easily synthesized in good yield from tert-butyl [60]fullerenoacetate through two steps. In the presence of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine as a base, the acid chloride smoothly reacted with various alcohols under mild conditions to give the corresponding esters including [60]fullerene-biomolecule hybrids in moderate to high yields.     

Dynamic observation of an atom-sized gold wire by phase electron microscopy

A single-atom-sized gold wire was successfully observed in real time by a newly developed defocus-image modulation processing electron microscope. Because of phase retrieval processing with spherical aberration correction, the single-atom strand wire was observed with high contrast and without contrast blurring. By carefully looking at the atomic distance, the contrast, and the dynamic behavior of the wire, we recognized that there are two stages of the wire. In the first stage the wire maintained the atomic distance in the bulk crystal, but in the second stage the wire showed the atomic distance of the nearest-neighbor atoms with weaker contrast. The gold wire was rather stable for a few seconds under strong electron beam illumination.     

Development of a miniature double-pass cylindrical mirror electron energy analyzer (DPCMA), and its application to Auger photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy (APECS)

We have developed a miniature double-pass cylindrical mirror electron energy analyzer (DPCMA) with an outer diameter of 26 mm. The DPCMA consists of a shield for the electric field, inner and outer cylinders, two pinholes with a diameter of 2.0 mm, and an electron multiplier. By assembling the DPCMA in a coaxially symmetric mirror electron energy analyzer (ASMA) coaxially and confocally we developed an analyzer for Auger photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy (APECS). The performance was estimated by measuring the Si-LVV-Auger Si-1s-photoelectron coincidence spectra of clean Si(1 1 1). The electron-energy resolution of the DPCMA was estimated to be E/ΔE = 20. This value is better than that of the miniature single-pass CMA (E/ΔE = 12) that was used in the previous APECS analyzer.     

Localized surface plasmon resonance of silicon compounds adsorbed on silver nanoparticles

A simple method to produce silver nanoparticles on a glass surface from silver nanolayer deposited by magnetron sputtering and thermal annealed is presented. Localized surface plasmon resonance of nanoparticles shows a red shift depending on the silver nanolayer thickness, the refractive index and the thickness of an ultra-thin silicon compound adsorbed on the surface. A highly enhanced Raman spectrum of the characteristic groups of a silicon compound adsorbed on the nanoparticles surface was obtained.     

Review Article: Fructooligosaccharides Enzymatic Preparation and Biofunctions

I. INTRODUCTION

Recently the study of oligosaccharides has been extensively pursued in Japan after the findings of the remarkable biofunctions and usefulness of fructooligosac-charides for human health, improving the intestinal microflora and importance in livestock nutrition.     

Limitation of immunoaffinity column for the removal of abundant proteins from plasma in quantitative plasma proteomics

In plasma proteomics, before a proteome analysis, it is essential to prepare protein samples without high‐abundance proteins, including albumin, via specific preparation techniques, such as immunoaffinity capture. However, our preliminary experiments suggested that functional changes with use alter the ability of the immunoaffinity column. Thus, in this study, to evaluate the changes of the removal ability of abundant proteins from plasma by the immunoaffinity column, plasma proteome analysis was performed for the long‐term test for the reproducibility of the affinity column using the fluorogenic derivatization–liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method combined with an IgY column. The specific adsorption for albumin decreased with an increase in the number of the column usage before its expiration date. Moreover, it was demonstrated that hydrophobic high molecular weight compounds in plasma adsorbed onto the column materials surface contributed to the functional changes from specific immunoaffinity adsorption into hydrophobic interaction. These results suggested that, in quantitative plasma proteomics studies, it is important to keep in mind the risk of not only the nonselective loss but also the changes in the adsorption ability of the immunoafinity column. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.