全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1630篇 |
免费 | 55篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1353篇 |
晶体学 | 23篇 |
力学 | 19篇 |
数学 | 39篇 |
物理学 | 256篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 9篇 |
2021年 | 14篇 |
2020年 | 16篇 |
2019年 | 21篇 |
2018年 | 17篇 |
2017年 | 9篇 |
2016年 | 27篇 |
2015年 | 39篇 |
2014年 | 38篇 |
2013年 | 84篇 |
2012年 | 75篇 |
2011年 | 63篇 |
2010年 | 53篇 |
2009年 | 48篇 |
2008年 | 92篇 |
2007年 | 119篇 |
2006年 | 102篇 |
2005年 | 74篇 |
2004年 | 93篇 |
2003年 | 73篇 |
2002年 | 84篇 |
2001年 | 42篇 |
2000年 | 39篇 |
1999年 | 34篇 |
1998年 | 20篇 |
1997年 | 24篇 |
1996年 | 22篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 17篇 |
1993年 | 16篇 |
1992年 | 24篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 27篇 |
1984年 | 20篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 14篇 |
1981年 | 27篇 |
1980年 | 22篇 |
1979年 | 21篇 |
1978年 | 17篇 |
1977年 | 10篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 13篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1969年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有1690条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
32.
Y. Kondo M. Matsumura M. Kubota 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1994,177(2):311-320
The acidity change and solid formation in a simulated high level liquid waste (HLLW) containing precipitate were experimentally examined, when the acidity was reduced from 2M to 0.5M by denitration or simple dilution. The acidity of the simulated HLLW containing precipitate could be adjusted from 2M to around 0.5M by means of denitration or dilution, as well as the case of simulated HLLW without precipitate. The precipitation fractions of Zr, Mo and Te during denitration decreased with increasing amount of the precipitate already contained in the simulated HLLW. The amount of solid formed in the dilute simulated HLLW also decreased with increasing amount of precipitate in the simulated HLLW. Two process flow sheets for preparing HLLW for transuranic elements extraction were developed. One was a denitration process and the other a dilution process. 相似文献
33.
Tanaka K Mori M Xu Q Helaleh MI Ikedo M Taoda H Hu W Hasebe K Fritz JS Haddad PR 《Journal of chromatography. A》2003,997(1-2):127-132
In this study, an aqueous solution consisting of benzoic acid with low background conductivity and beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) of hydrophilic nature and the inclusion effect to benzoic acid were used as eluent for the ion-exclusion chromatographic separation of aliphatic carboxylic acids with different pKa values and hydrophobicity on a polymethacrylate-based weakly acidic cation-exchange resin in the H+ form. With increasing concentration of beta-cyclodextrin in the eluent, the retention times of the carboxylic acids decreased due to the increased hydrophilicity of the polymethacrylate-based cation-exchange resin surface from the adsorption of OH groups of beta-cyclodextrin. Moreover, the eluent background conductivity decreased with increasing concentration of beta-cyclodextrin in 1 mM benzoic acid, which could result in higher sensitivity for conductimetric detection. The ion-exclusion chromatographic separation of carboxylic acids with high resolution and sensitivity was accomplished successfully by elution with a 1 mM benzoic acid-10 mM cyclodextrin solution without chemical suppression. 相似文献
34.
We investigated the protein profiles of variously aged rat astrocytes in response to oxidative stress. After H2O2-exposure of cells at 100 microM for 30 min, the relative intensity of ten protein spots changed on two-dimensional (2-D) gels compared with control gels after silver staining. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis after in-gel digestion revealed that six of these spots corresponded to three kinds of proteins, each of which was composed of a protein and its modified form with a different isoelectric point (pI). These three proteins were identified as peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) II and III, and calpactin I light chain (p11). H2O2-exposure increased the intensity of the spot with lower pI and simultaneously decreased that of the spot with higher pI for both PRDXs II and III. In addition, the expression of annexin VII, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, elongation factor II fragment (EF-II), and adenosine deaminase was increased by H2O2-exposure in astrocytes from variously aged rats. Using the Pro-Q Diamond staining, heat shock protein 60 kDa (Hsp 60) and alpha-tubulin were observed to be phosphorylated upon H2O2-exposure. While phosphorylation of alpha-tubulin was correlated positively with age, the changes in abundance of ten protein spots as described above were independent of age. These results suggest that aging does not suppress the responses aimed at limiting injury and promoting repair brought about by severe oxidative stress, and might affect cell dynamics including the formation of microtubules. 相似文献
35.
Matsumura Y Nishimura M Hiu H Watanabe M Kise N 《The Journal of organic chemistry》1996,61(8):2809-2812
Oxidative coupling of phenylacetic acid esters was easily achieved by treating the esters with TiCl(4) and then adding Et(3)N to the resulting solution. The products consisted of dl- and meso-2,3-diphenylsuccinic acid esters with the Claisen condensation product, and the ratio of these products depended on the reaction conditions. Reaction conditions suitable for high dl selectivity were determined, and a dimer of titanium enolate was postulated as an intermediate responsible for the high dl selectivity. The selectivities were compared with those in known oxidative couplings in which titanium enolate intermediates are prepared through lithium enolates and silyl enol ethers. The results suggest that the reactivities of titanium enolates intermediates depend on how they are generated. 相似文献
36.
Natural graphite samples with average particle sizes of 5, 10 and 15 μm (NG5 μm, NG10 μm and NG15 μm, respectively) were fluorinated by ClF3 (3 × 104 Pa) at 200 and 300 °C for 2 min. X-ray photoelectron spectra of surface-fluorinated samples showed that surface fluorine concentration increased with increase in the particle size of graphite and reaction temperature. Small amounts of chlorine were also detected in all the fluorinated samples. Raman spectra of original and surface-fluorinated samples indicated that the surface disordering was increased for NG10 μm and NG15 μm. Surface areas were decreased by the fluorination for NG5 μm and NG10 μm but unchanged for NG15 μm. The mesopores with diameter of 1.5-2 nm increased while those of 2-3 nm decreased for all the samples. First coulombic efficiencies for NG10 μm and NG15 μm were highly increased by surface fluorination in 1 mol/dm3 LiClO4-EC/DEC/PC (EC: ethylene carbonate, DEC: diethyl carbonate, PC: propylene carbonate) solution. 相似文献
37.
Ichikawa K Shimomura N Yamada M Ohkubo N 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2003,9(14):3235-3241
In vitro biomimetic mineralization by means of nanotechnology allows the formation of calcium carbonate polymorphs at low temperatures (<25 degrees C) under a CO(2) atmosphere of 500-1500 ppm. A two-dimensional zinc-ion ordered array (zinc array), which acts as an active-site mimic of carbonic anhydrase, has been prepared by immersing the self-organized monolayer of 3-(2-imidazolin-1-y)propyltriethosilane on mica (ImSi substrate) into aqueous zinc solution. The zinc array mounted on the ImSi substrate catalyzed the conversion from CO(2) to HCO(3) (-), and accelerated the formation of calcium carbonate. In situ X-ray diffraction data of the formed calcium carbonate on the poly(L-aspartate)-coated chitin substrate (pAsp substrate), with calcium ion-recognition sites, demonstrated that the interaction between the zinc array and pAsp substrates formed both vaterite and calcite at low temperature (15 degrees C) and mainly vaterite at 25 degrees C; this interaction also controlled the morphology of calcium carbonate formed on pAsp substrate. 相似文献
38.
Kazuhiro Watanabe Noboru Akino Tetsuo Aoyagi Noboru Ebisawa Yukio Fujiwara Atsusi Honda Takashi Inoue Takao Itoh Mikito Kawai Minoru Kazawa Junichi Koizumi Masaaki Kuriyama Kenji Miyamoto Naoki Miyamoto Kazuhiko Mogaki Yoshihiro Ohara Tokumichi Ohga Yoshikazu Okumura Hiroshi Oohara Katsumi Ohshima Fujio Satoh Kazuhiko Shimizu Syunji Takahashi Hirotsugu Usami Katsutomi Usui Masahiro Yamamoto Takeshi Yamazaki 《Radiation Physics and Chemistry》1997,49(6):631-639
A negative-ion-based neutral beam injector (N-NBI) has been constructed for JT-60U. The N-NBI is designed to inject 500 keV, 10 MW neutral beams using two ion sources, each producing a 500 keV, 22 A D− ion beam. In the preliminary experiment using one ion source, a D− ion beam of 13.5 A has been successfully accelerated with an energy of 400 keV (5.4 MW) for 0.12 s at an operating pressure of 0.22 Pa. This is the highest D− beam current and power in the world. Co-extracted electron current was effectively suppressed to the ratio of Ie/ID− < 1. The highest energy beam of 460 keV, 2.4 A, 0.44 s has also been obtained. To realize 1 MeV class NBI system for ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor), demonstration of ampere class negative ion beam acceleration up to 1 MeV is an important mile stone. To achieve the mile stone, a prototype accelerator and a 1 MV, 1 A test facility called MeV Test Facility (MTF) were constructed. Up to now, an H− ion beam was accelerated up to the energy of 805 keV with an acceleration drain current of 150 mA for 1 s in a five stage electrostatic multi-aperture accelerator. 相似文献
39.
Noboru Matsumura Motoyuki Kusamiya Hiroo Inoue Masanori Yasui Fujiko Iwasaki 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1995,32(4):1269-1275
1,3-Bis(p-substituted-phenylthiocarbamoyl)-2-imidazolidinethiones 3a-f reacted with bromine to give trithiadiazapentalene derivatives 5a-f , bearing the exocyclic C-N double bonds, in moderate yields. The molecular structure of 5b was elucidated by the X-ray crystallographic analysis. The treatment of 5b-f with hydrochloric acid gave the ring-opening products, 1,3-bis(p-substituted-phenylthiocarbamoyl)-2-imidazo-lidinones 9b-f , accompanied by the production of elemental sulfur. Reduction of 5b , 5d , and 5e with sodium borohydride gave the ring-opening compounds, 1,3-bis(p-substituted-phenylthiocarbamoyl)-2-imidazolidines 13b , 13d , and 13e respectively. 相似文献
40.
Toshiaki Sunazuka Masaki Handa Tatsuya Shirahata Kazuhiko Otoguro Satoshi ōmura 《Tetrahedron》2004,60(36):7845-7859
In the current studies, we used the Kakisawa-Kashman modification of the Mosher NMR method to determine the complete absolute stereochemistry of arisugacins. We also report the convergent total synthesis of (+)-arisugacins A and B by a sequence including (i) ruthenium complex-catalyzed asymmetric reduction of the cyclohexenone derivative; (ii) stereoselective construction of the arisugacin skeleton by a Knoevenagel-type reaction of an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde derivative with production of a 4-hydroxy-2-pyrone derivative as a key reaction; and (iii) stereoselective dihydroxylation to give the diol derivative, followed by deoxygenation. Accordingly, we defined the absolute structures of arisugacins A and B as 4a-(R),6a-(R),12a-(R), and 12b-(S). Finally, we characterized the bioactivities of the synthetic intermediates to understand the structure-activity relationships of the arisugacins. 相似文献