Study of the decay D0 --> K+pi-

Using a large sample of photoproduced charm mesons from the FOCUS experiment at Fermilab (FNAL-E831), we observe the decay D0-->K+pi- with a signal yield of 149+/-31 events compared to a similarly cut sample consisting of 36 760+/-195 D0-->K-pi+ events. We use the observed ratio of D0-->K+pi- to D0-->K-pi+ (0.404+/-0.085+/-0.025)% to obtain a relationship between the D0 mixing and doubly Cabibbo suppressed decay parameters.     

Scattering Theory for Quantum Fields¶with Indefinite Metric

In this work, we discuss the scattering theory of local, relativistic quantum fields with indefinite metric. Since the results of Haag–Ruelle theory do not carry over to the case of indefinite metric [4], we propose an axiomatic framework for the construction of in- and out-states, such that the LSZ asymptotic condition can be derived from the assumptions. The central mathematical object for this construction is the collection of mixed vacuum expectation values of local, in- and out-fields, called the “form factor functional”, which is required to fulfill a Hilbert space structure condition. Given a scattering matrix with polynomial transfer functions, we then construct interpolating, local, relativistic quantum fields with indefinite metric, which fit into the given scattering framework. Received: 13 September 1999/ Accepted: 1 August 2000     

Grundlagen photometrischer Analysenverfahren

Zusammenfassung Auf Grund einer Deutung des Reaktionsmechanismus der Oxydation von Mn^II zu Mn^VII mit Persulfat und Ag-Ionen als Katalysator wurden optimale Arbeitsbedingungen für die Farbbildungsreaktion erschlossen. Die Ergebnisse von mehr als 400 Testanalysen für die Arbeitsbereiche Mikro I und Mikro II (0,55–0,006 mg Mn) wurden nach mathematischstatistischen Methoden ausgewertet und lieferten objektive Daten über Extinktionskoeffizienten, Verfahrenskonstanten, Fehlergrößen und Selektivitätsverhalten von über 50 Fremdionen. Die Ergebnisse sind in einer Bewertungstabelle zusammengefaßt. Die Permanganatmethode ist vorzugsweise zur Untersuchung von Proben mit weniger als 2 Gew.-%Mn geeignet, wie an Beispielen der Mn-Bestimmungen in Wasser, Glas und legierten Stählen sowie Messing gezeigt wird.

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Summary The oxydation of Mn^II to Mn^VII by persulphate using silver ions as catalyst has been examined and optimum conditions for the photometric determination of manganese have been worked out. The results of more than 400 test analyses within the range of 0.006 to 0.55 mg of Mn have been evaluated by mathematical-statistical methods and the analytical data obtained are presented in a table. More than 50 foreign ions have been considered. The method described is recommended for samples containing less than 2%Wt. of Mn. Examples are given for the determination of manganese in water, glass, alloy steel, and brass.

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IV. Manganbestimmungen als Pyrophosphatkomplex. Diese Z. 211, 344 (1965).

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Frl. R. Schäfer sei für die sorgfältige Durchführung der zahlreichen Versuche gedankt.     

ORIGIN OF THE RED SHIFTED ABSORPTION IN PHYCOCYANIN 632 FROM Mastigocladus laminosus

A phycocyanin (PC) with γ_max= 632 nm (PC632) was isolated from extracts of the cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus. The complex contained three polypeptides migrating in SDS-PAGE around 22 kDa. The N-termini of the three polypeptides are identical. They are homologous to rod-core linker polypeptides from this and another cyanobacterium and are identical to one of them. Reconstitution of PC (γ_max=614–620 nm) with the 22 kDa polypeptide produced again the red-shifted PC632. Phycobilisomes isolated at pH 6 or 7 contain, if any, only traces of 22 kDa polypeptides. Origin and functions of the polypeptides are discussed, they are most likely proteolytic fragments of allophycocyanin-PC rod-core linkers that contain the PC-binding domain.     

Synthesis, characterization and examination of Gd[DO3A-hexylamine]-functionalized silica nanoparticles as contrast agent for MRI-applications

Spherical, nonporous and monodisperse silica nanoparticles (NPs) with a diameter of about 100 nm were synthesized and covalently functionalized with lanthanoid(III) (Ln=Gd or Y) chelate complexes, which serve as contrast agents (CAs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The materials were fully characterized after each synthetic step by different analytical methods, such as dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, DRIFT and NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and elemental analysis, as well as zetapotential measurements. High surface concentrations of Gd(III) complexes (up to 50 μmol g(-1)) were determined by ICP-AES and T(1)-measurements, respectively. MRI experiments show the typical concentration-dependent increase of the longitudinal relaxation rate. T(1)-weighted images of samples with more than 25 μg NPs per 100 μL agar display a clear contrast enhancement in the agar layer. The transverse relaxivities r(2) of the materials are significantly higher than r(2) of the corresponding free Gd(III) complexes in water and medium, whereas the longitudinal relaxivities r(1) are slightly increased. Due to the high loading of Gd(III) complexes, the relaxivities per particle are remarkably high (up to 2.78×10(5) mM(-1) s(-1) for r(1)). Thus, new hybrid materials, based on nonporous silica NPs with high local relaxivity values were synthesized, which can serve as very effective CAs for MRI.     

Total reflection in a uniaxial crystal–uniaxial crystal interface

Considering an interface between two uniaxial birefringent crystals, four reflected and four refracted waves for each incidence direction are obtained. Along this direction can propagate an ordinary wave and an extraordinary wave. Here, we present the analytic expressions for the four critical angles, from which each refracted wave no more exists as propagating wave. We show the variation in these critical angles for different interfaces varying the orientation of the incidence plane with respect to the optical axes. When both principal refractive indices of the second medium are smaller than those of the first medium, then the four critical angles exist for each incidence plane and for any direction of the optical axes. But, when one of the indices has an intermediate value between the values of the indices of the other crystal, we can chose the optical axes directions in such a way that certain critical angles do not exist. Therefore, we can select the refracted wave that is eliminated by total reflection.     

Informationstheorie in der Analytik

With regard to automated analysis the most important information theoretical terms, as information, character, code, message and signal are defined and interpreted. Thus, in connexion with the former system theoretical statements the basis is provided for generally understandable communication of all specialists working on or with automated systems of analysis.