KNI-272, a highly selective and potent peptidic HIV protease inhibitor

Kynostatin {KNI-272; systematic name: 3-[3-benzyl-2-hydroxy-9-(isoquinolin-5-yl­oxy)-6-methyl­sulfanyl­methyl-5,8-dioxo-4,7-di­aza­nonanoyl]-N-tert-butyl-1,3-thia­zolane-4-carbox­amide}, a highly selective and potent HIV protease inhibitor containing allo­phenyl­norstatin [(2S,3S)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl­butyric acid], has been crystallized as the hydrate, C₃₃H₄₁N₅O₆S₂·0.803H₂O, from aqueous hexyl­ene glycol. The observed disorder of the phenyl group in the structure is related to the mode of hydration. The backbone conformation of the mol­ecule is twisted and the overall conformation of the free inhibitor is similar to that observed in its complex with HIV protease.     

Large time behavior of solutions to semilinear systems of wave equations

This paper is concerned with the initial value problem for semilinear systems of wave equations. First we show a global existence result for small amplitude solutions to the systems. Then we study asymptotic behavior of the global solution. We underline that ``modified' free profiles are obtained for all global solutions to the systems even in the case where the free profile might not exist. Moreover, we prove non–existence of any free profiles for the global solution in some cases where the effect of the nonlinearity is strong enough. The first author was partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for Science Research (14740114), JSPS.     

All-Optical Holographic Label Processing for Photonic Packet Switching

A holographic label processor for photonic packet switching is proposed. We observe the process of time-to-space conversion for an optical code consisting of 2 ps pulses at a wavelength of 1.55 $mUm with 100 km fiber transmission. Label recognition using an angular multiplexed spectral hologram (AMSH) as a label bank is experimentally demonstrated. We also investigate the AMSH by CGH and confirm its feasibility in computer simulations.     

Analysis of degradation processes of C/C composites and coating layers with tracer elements in an air-acetylene flame by two-dimensional atomic absorption spectrometry

This paper describes a novel measurement technique for in-situ monitoring of the degradation processes of coated C/C composites (carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composites) in combusting fields. The samples tested in this experiment were C/C composites with double coating layers of SiC and glass materials doped with Ca and/or Mg as tracer elements. These samples were exposed in an C₂H₂/air flame emitted the diatomic molecules, and the light from the Mg-Ca hollow cathode lamp passed through the flame around the sample. The spectrally and spatially resolved images of emission were observed with a spectro CCD camera developed by our group. In this work, two-dimensional atomic absorption spectrometry by using the spectro CCD camera was applied to in-situ monitor the degradation processes of each coating layer and the substrate. The results indicated that the temporal changes in the spatial distribution of atomic absorption caused by Ca and Mg atoms proved to be a good measure for in-situ monitoring of the degradation processes of coated C/C composites in a high temperature flame.     

Phase transition behaviour in the A-site deficient perovskite oxide La1/3NbO3

The crystal structure of the layered perovskite La_1/3NbO₃ has been studied between room temperature and 500 °C using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction methods. The structure shows ordering of the La cations at all temperatures. At room temperature La_1/3NbO₃ is orthorhombic with the NbO₆ octahedra showing out-of-phase tilting about the a-axis. This tilting diminishes as the temperature increases, so that above 200 °C the structure is tetragonal. The transition to the tetragonal structure is found to be continuous and analysis of the spontaneous strains shows it to be tricritical in nature.     

Transient Dynamics of Fluoride-Based High Concentration Erbium/Cerium Co-Doped Fiber Amplifier

We designed and evaluated a fluoride-based high concentration erbium/ cerium co-doped fiber amplifier. It is suitable for Metropolitan Area Networks due to faster transient, flatter (unfiltered) gain, smaller footprint and gain excursion than its silica-based counterpart.     

On (co)homology locally connected spaces

We prove that there exists a cohomology locally connected compact metrizable space which is not homology locally connected. In the category of compact Hausdorff spaces a similar result was proved earlier by G.E. Bredon.     

Distorted perovskite structured organic–inorganic hybrid compounds for possible multiferroic behavior: [n-alkyl]2FeCl4

Perovskite structured compounds have shown multifunctional properties and therefore attracted attention recently because of their potential applications. To explore such materials we have prepared simple double salts, distorted perovskite structured compounds, Cn₂FeCl₄, Cn = n-propyl or n-butyl ammonium ions. (C₃)₂FeCl₄ crystallize in orthorhombic space group, Cmc2₁, having lattice constants a = 7.223(9) Å, b = 7.439(9) Å, c = 25.303(8) Å with unit cell volume of 1359.95 cm³, at room temperature. The overall structure consists of two-dimensional Fe(II)–chloride network, parallel to the ac-plane, interlayered by the ammonium ions. Magnetic measurements using SQUID magnetometer show that these compounds are antiferromagnets with T_N ～ 90 K. Preliminary studies using DSC and AC-conductivity have shown promising transitions above room temperature.     

A numerical scheme for strong blast wave driven by explosion

After the detonation of a solid high explosive, the material has extremely high pressure keeping the solid density and expands rapidly driving strong shock wave. In order to simulate this blast wave, a stable and accurate numerical scheme is required due to large density and pressure changes in time and space. The compressible fluid equations are solved by a fractional step procedure which consists of the advection phase and non‐advection phase. The former employs the Rational function CIP scheme in order to preserve monotone signals, and the latter is solved by interpolated differential operator scheme for achieving the accurate calculation. The procedure is categorized into the fractionally stepped semi‐Lagrangian. The accuracy of our scheme is confirmed by checking the one‐dimensional plane shock tube problem with 10³ times initial density and pressure jump in comparison with the analytic solution. The Sedov–Taylor blast wave problem is also examined in the two‐dimensional cylindrical coordinate in order to check the spherical symmetry and the convergence rates. Two‐ and three‐dimensional simulations for the blast waves from the explosion in the underground magazine are carried out. It is found that the numerical results show quantitatively good agreement with the experimental data. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adsorption and desorption properties of trans-resveratrol on cellulose cotton.

The adsorption and desorption properties of trans-Resveratrol (Res) on the cellulose cotton were investigated under various conditions, such as the pH, alcohol percentage, temperature and equilibrium times. Moreover, the acidic-dissociation constants were determined to be pKa1 = 8.01, pKa2 = 9.86 and pKa3 = 10.5 by a curve-fitting method. Also, it was found that the adsorption depended on the temperature and salting effect. On the other hand, the desorptions from cellulose were examined using several kinds of water-miscible organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone and THF).