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111.
Jin Su Takashi Hisatomi Tsutomu Minegishi Kazunari Domen 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(33):13800-13806
Most CdTe photoanodes and photocathodes show positive and negative photocurrent onset potentials for water oxidation and reduction, respectively, and are thus unable to drive photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting without external applied biases. Herein, the activity of a CdTe photoanode having an internal p‐n junction during PEC water oxidation was enhanced by applying a CdCl2 annealing treatment together with surface modifications. The resulting CdTe photoanode generated photocurrents of 1.8 and 5.4 mA cm?2 at 0.6 and 1.2 VRHE, respectively, with a photoanodic current onset potential of 0.22 VRHE under simulated sunlight (AM 1.5G). The CdCl2 annealing increased the grain sizes and lowered the density of grain boundaries, allowing more efficient charge separation. Consequently, a two‐electrode tandem PEC cell comprising a CdTe‐based photoanode and photocathode split water without any external bias at a solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency of 0.51 % at the beginning of the reaction. 相似文献
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在粗糙表面上用液晶空间光调制器进行振动测量 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
为实现在一段时间内连续实时观测振动物体的全息干涉图形,采用覆盖铝箔的喇叭作为振动物体,利用铝箔原有未经特殊处理表面反射的漫反射光成像,并用光寻址液晶空间光调制器(Liquid crystal-sparial lightmodulator,LC-SLM)作为全息记录载体,来实现振动测量。实验中采用时间平均干涉测量法,得到了不同振动频率下物体的干涉图形。同时在连续改变振动物体的振动频率时,可以清晰地观察到物体振动全息干涉图形的变化过程,即近实时的全息干涉图形。 相似文献
114.
Akon Higuchi Tadashi Nakajima Atsushi Morisato Michiaki Ando Kazukiyo Nagai Tsutomu Nakagawa 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1996,34(13):2153-2160
Infrared spectra of CO2 sorbed in rubbery and glassy polymeric membranes were measured to examine the relationships between the spectroscopic data and the physical properties of the membranes. The two peaks observed in the spectra of CO2 were attributed to the R branch and P branch of CO2 sorbed in the membranes based on the consideration that both peaks were observed at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the membranes. Apparent diffusion coefficients of CO2 in the membranes were measured from the desorption kinetics of CO2 detected by FTIR spectroscopy. The solubility coefficients of CO2 were also estimated from absorbance spectra of CO2 sorbed in the membranes using Lambert-Beer's rule. The permeability, solubility, and diffusion coefficients estimated by the FTIR method were found to correlate well with the coefficients obtained by conventional methods such as vacuum-pressure or sorption isotherm methods. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
115.
Eiichi Sato Tsutomu Yokozawa Takeshi Endo 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1996,34(4):669-672
Polyadditions of 1,4-benzenedithiol (BDT) to bis(alkoxyallene)s, such as 1,4-bis(allenyloxy)xylene (3) and 1,4-bis(allenyloxy) benzene (4) , were carried out in benzene at 25°C by irradiation with a high pressure mercury lamp. Thiol groups were added to the terminal double bonds of the allenyloxy groups selectively to afford polymers containing reactive carbon–carbon double bonds in the main chain, similar to the radical polyadditions using azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN). The molecular weight of the polymer obtained from BDT and 3 was 10 times higher than that of the polymer produced in the radical polyaddition with AIBN; whereas the molecular weight of the polymer from BDT and 4 was similar to that in the radical polyaddition, probably because of poor solubility of 4 and the polymer toward benzene. The geometrical structure of carbon–carbon double bonds in the polymer isomerized from an E to Z structure with reaction time by virtue of both the addition elimination of thiyl radical to the double bonds and the UV irradiation. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
116.
Investigating sorption-driven dissolved organic matter fractionation by multidimensional fluorescence spectroscopy and PARAFAC 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Banaitis MR Waldrip-Dail H Diehl MS Holmes BC Hunt JF Lynch RP Ohno T 《Journal of colloid and interface science》2006,304(1):271-276
Soil organic matter is involved in many ecosystem processes, such as nutrient supply, metal solubilization, and carbon sequestration. This study examined the ability of multidimensional fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to provide detailed chemical information on the preferential sorption of higher-molecular-weight components of natural organic matter onto mineral surfaces. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from soil organic horizons and tree leaf tissues was obtained using water extracts. The suite of fluorescence spectra was modeled with PARAFAC and it was revealed that the DOM extracts contained five fluorescing components: tryptophan-like (peak location at excitation <255 nm:emission 342 nm), tyrosine-like (276 nm:312 nm), and three humic-substance-like components (<255 nm:456 nm, 309 nm:426 nm, <255 nm:401 nm). In general, adsorption onto goethite and gibbsite increased with increasing DOM molecular weight and humification. PARAFAC analysis of the pre- and post-sorption DOM indicated that the ordering of sorption extent was humic-like components (average 91% sorption) > tryptophan-like components (52% sorption) > tyrosine-like components (29% sorption). This differential sorption of the modeled DOM components in both the soil organic horizon and leaf tissue extracts led to the fractionation of DOM. The results of this study demonstrate that multidimensional fluorescence spectroscopy combined with PARAFAC can quantitatively describe the chemical fractionation process due to the interaction of DOM with mineral surfaces. 相似文献
117.
Keiko Takahashi Hiroshi Narita Megumi Oh-Hashi Akihiro Yokoyama Tsutomu Yokozawa 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2004,50(1-2):121-127
A complete assignment of proton resonances for N(N-formyl d-phenylalanyl)-deoxyamino--cyclodextrin (1d) was performed by means of 1D and 2D NMR,1H–^1H-COSY, 1H–^13C-COSY, TOCSYand NOESY spectroscopy. Based on 2D-NMR ROESY and circular dichroism spectroscopy, the conformation of 1d was determined; the phenyl group stays inside the distorted cyclodextrin (CyD) cavity forming a self-inclusion complex, which is almost the same as N(N-formyl l-phenylalanyl)-deoxyamino--CyD (1l). The remarkable diastereomeric difference was observed in the chemical shifts of H(5) and H(6) protons at the narrow rim of the CyD cavity and induced circular dichroism spectra. These results suggest the existence of hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl group on CyD and the amide groups on the arms, which provides the difference in the molecular recognition properties. 相似文献
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