All General Solutions of Post Equations

In a previous paper, we have described all reproductive general solutions of a Post equation, supposing that a general solution is known. In this paper we describe all general solutions of Post equation, supposing that a general solution of this equation is known （Theorem 6）. As a special case we get the previous characterization of reproductive solutions and a similar result for Boolean equations （Theorem 9）.     

Microwave absorption in high-T c superconductors at high magnetic fields

In the mixed state of superconductors (H _c1?H?H _c2) the penetration of microwaves is governed by both, complex conductivity σ(T) and driven oscillation of vortices. In this paper, we show that an effective microwave conductivity can be derived and used to fit the field dependences of the surface resistanceR _s. The fit parameter is the upper critical field. Measurements on single crystals YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ were made in magnetic fields (H∥c) up to 2.25 T, and in the temperature range from 70–100 K. The critical temperature for mean field superconductivity appears to be 89.3 K, while the apparent onset in the curve ofR _s(T) appears at about 92 K. The magnetic dependences ofR _s clearly demonstrate that one can separate the regions of mean field superconductivity from the region of fluctuations.     

Modeling of aortic valve dynamics in a lumped parameter model of left ventricular-arterial coupling

A lumped parameter model of the sub-system of left ventricle, aortic valve, systemic arteries, systemic capillaries and systemic veins was considered during systole. A model of aortic valve dynamics based solely on geometrical and kinematical consideration is defined. The model is described by two geometrical parameters of aortic valve and a few kinematical relationships. The proposed model mimics the incisures in the aortic flow and aortic pressure very well. We showed that the dicrotic notch could be explained by aortic valve closing in terms of a lumped parameter model, without a need for any wave reflection theory. According to the proposed model the effects of aortic valve dynamics on the aortic flow and pressure are mainly limited to the valve opening and closing periods. The model offers a new paradigm for defining a more realistic left ventricle model.      

Univalent Interpolation in Besov Spaces and Superposition into Bergman Spaces

We establish the best possible condition for point singularities to be removable for nonlinear elliptic equations in divergent form with lower order terms from the non-linear Kato classes.      

The electrochemical behavior of commercial clarithromycin and spectroscopic detection of its structural changes

The aim of the present study was to examine the behavior of commercial clarithromycin, Clathrocyn®, comparing to the results previously obtained using pure clarithromycin under the same experimental conditions. The study was performed by cyclic linear sweep voltammetry and the bulk of electrolyte was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy and HPLC. At gold electrode, in the range of ?1.2 V to 1.0 V vs. SCE in 0.05 M NaHCO₃, the electrochemical determination of pure clarithromycin was previously defined by four anodic and one cathodic reproductive peaks, and commercial clarithromycin is defined by reproductive one anodic peak which appears from 0.60 to 0.80 V vs. SCE. Previously, FTIR analysis of the bulk electrolyte showed the apparent changes in pure clarithromycin molecule structure: in the ester bond of the lactone and in ethers and acetal bonds. FTIR analysis of the bulk electrolyte also showed changes in the molecule structure in commercial-tablets form of clarithromycin: indicating disappearance of lactone structure and changes of carbonyl group at position 9.     

Malathion-induced inhibition of human plasma cholinesterase studied by the fluorescence spectroscopy method

The in vitro effect of technical grade malathion was assessed via the kinetic parameters of human plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) using N-methylindoxyl acetate as a substrate for BChE. An inhibitor kinetics study demonstrated the existence of a biphasic inhibition curve, indicating high-and low-affinity binding sites of malathion. The IC ₅₀ values as calculated from the experimental inhibition curves were 1.33 × 10⁻⁹ and 1.48 × 10⁻⁵ M for the high-and low-affinity binding sites, respectively; Hill’s analysis gave 1.29 × 10⁻⁹ and 1.38 × 10⁻⁶ M. The Cornish-Bowden plots and their secondary plots indicated that the nature of inhibition was of mixed type with the predominant competitive character of both affinity binding sites. The article is published in the original.     

Synthesis and characterization of indeno[1,2‐b]fluorene‐based white light‐emitting copolymer

An indenofluorene‐based copolymer containing blue‐, green‐, and red light‐emitting moieties was synthesized by Suzuki polymerization and examined for application in white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs). Tetraoctylindenofluorene (IF), 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (BT), and 4,7‐bis(2‐thienyl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (DBT) derivatives were used as the blue‐, green‐, and red‐light emitting structures, respectively. The number‐average molecular weight of the polymer was determined to be 25,900 g/mol with a polydispersity index of 2.02. The polymer was thermally stable (T_d = ～398 °C) and quite soluble in common organic solvents, forming an optical‐quality film by spin casting. The EL characteristics were fine‐tuned from the single copolymer through incomplete fluorescence energy transfer by adjusting the composition of the red/green/blue units in the copolymer. The EL device using the indenofluorene‐based copolymer containing 0.01 mol % BT and 0.02 mol % DBT units ( PIF‐BT01‐DBT02 ) showed a maximum brightness of 4088 cd/m² at 8 V and a maximum current efficiency of 0.36 cd/A with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.34, 0.32). The EL emission of PIF‐BT01‐DBT02 was stable with respect to changes in voltage. The color emitted was dependent on the thickness of the active polymer layer; layer (～60 nm) too thin was unsuitable for realizing WOLED via energy transfer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3467–3479, 2009     

Application of flavonoids – quercetin and rutin – as new matrices for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometric analysis of Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes

Attempts are being made to overcome the resistance of tumour cells to platinum (Pt) drugs by the synthesis of new generations of Pt complexes, and it is important to find appropriate and simple methods for the characterization of those novel complexes. The additional applicability of such a method for the analysis of the interactions of metal complexes with biomolecules would be advantageous. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) seems to possess the capability to become this method of choice, since it could be applied to low‐mass complexes as well as for the analysis of large biomolecules. In this work the applicability of flavonoids – quercetin and rutin – as matrices for MALDI‐TOFMS analysis of dichlorido(ethylendiamine)platinum(II) ([PtCl₂(en)]), dichlorido(diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II) ([PtCl₂(dach)]) and chloride (diethylenetriamine) palladium(II) chloride ([PdCl(dien)]Cl) complexes is demonstrated. Spectra of Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes recorded in the presence of quercetin and rutin are rather simple: Pt(II) complexes generate [M+Na]⁺ or [M+K]⁺ions, whereas the investigated Pd(II) complex gives ions generated by the loss of one Cl^? or HCl. Flavonoids give a relatively small number of well‐defined ions in the low‐mass region (at m/z 303.3 for quercetin and m/z 633.5 for rutin). Quercetin and rutin can be applied in much lower concentrations than other common MALDI matrices and require rather low laser intensity. We speculate that flavonoids stabilize the structures of the metal complexes and that they may be useful for the analysis of other biologically active metal complexes, thus implying their broader applicability. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Wetting at the grain boundary in the planar Ising model

In this paper the conditions of pinning of an interface in a 2D Ising ferromagnet with defect connections in a solid-on-solid (SOS) limit are given. It is known that in this case the localisation of interface is formally equivalent to the bound state of quantum particle in temperature dependent effective potential. We show that a wetting transition occurs whenever the couplings on the two sides of the defect are different.