Exogenous crimes and the assessment of public safety efficiency and effectiveness

Annals of Operations Research - This work discusses the issue on how to include data about property and violent crimes in the production technology for the assessment of police technical...     

Resolution of overlapped peaks in liquid chromatography by use of derivative spectrophotometry and multivariate analysis and its application in the determination of active components in insecticide formulations

Two procedures for the determination of active components in insecticide formulations have been devised. The first is based in the use of derivative spectra of the components obtained by a diode-array spectrophotomer around the maxima signal of the chromatographic peak. In the second method, mixtures are resolved by the partial least-squares (PLS) regression method from standard spectra of the pure components; spectra of the components were also registered around the maxima signal of the peak. Both procedures have been applied to the analysis of diverse mixtures of active components (piperonyl butoxide, neopynamine and fenitrothion) in insecticide formulations with satisfactory results.     

LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE IN MALIGNANT and NORMAL TISSUE OF RATS INJECTED WITH BENZOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVE

Abstract— Laser-induced fluorescence was used to characterize the localization of intravenously administered ben-zoporphyrin derivative-monoacid (BPD-MA) 3 h postinjection in different rat tissue types, including an induced experimental malignant tumor. A comparison of the fluorescence properties and the demarcation potential between the newer sensitizer BPD-MA and four other substances, hematoporphyrin (HP), polyhematoporphyrin ester (PHE), tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (TSPc) and the commercially available Photofrin earlier investigated, is included. The fluorescence light was induced with a nitrogen laser, emitting at 337 nm. The fluorescence spectrum in the region380–750 nm was analyzed by a polychromator equipped with a diode array detector. The demarcation potential between tumor and surrounding tissue in terms of fluorescence signal for the tumor model used was 2:1 for BPD-MA. In comparison with the other drugs, HP shows about the same demarcation potential, whereas Photofrin and PHE exhibit about 3 times better and TSPc about 1.5 times better demarcation. By also employing the endogenous tissue fluorescence signature the contrast was enhanced by a factor of about 2 for each of the five drugs.     

Determination of nickel in biological samples by ETA-AAS and ICP-AES after acidic dissolution (with microwave heating and preconcentration by liquid-liquid extraction)

The determination of nickel by ETA-AAS and ICP-AES in biological samples with prior extraction into methyl isobutyl ketone with 1,5-bis(di-2-pyridylmethylene) thiocarbonohydrazide as extracting reagent is described. Microwave dissolution in closed teflon vessels has been used for the dissolution of biological materials. At least three samples can be decomposed simultaneously with a preset heating programme. Results of analyses of some certified biological reference materials are given.     

Stoffwechselprodukte von Mikroorganismen. 210. Mitteilung. Über die Avilurekanosen A and C and weitere Abbauprodukte Avilamycine A and C

The Avileurekanoses A and C and Further Degradation Products of the Avilamycins A and C Alkaline hydrolysis of the orthosomycin antibiotics, avilamycins A ad C products similar t those earlier described for flambamycin. Among these avileurekanose c ( 15 ) became of particular importance because its acetate prisms suitable for an X-ray structural determination. For the avilamycins A and C structural formulae 2 and 3 , respectively, can now be drawn, in which only the configuration at C (16), one out of 32 asymmetric C-atoms, is not yet determined.     

Phase separation of carboxylic acids on graphite surface at submonolayer regime

Mixing behaviour of solid crystalline monolayers adsorbed onto graphite from different mixtures of undecanoic and dodecanoic acids at submonolayer coverage has been investigated. X-ray diffraction measurements have been collected from a variety of compositions as a function of temperature. An extensive phase separation is found for all the compositions – the scattering patterns characteristic of the pure material crystalline structures being preserved across the entire composition range. The temperature dependence of the monolayer melting points and their depression is also clearly indicative of separation of the two surface components, in clear contrast to that expected if the two carboxylic acids mixed ideally in the monolayer.     

ICP-MS Determination of Antimicrobial Metals in Microcapsules

Silver (Ag) and zinc (Zn) are very powerful antimicrobial metals. Therefore, in this research, a high-throughput, sensitive, and rapid method was developed for the determination of Ag and Zn in microcapsules using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The sample preparation procedure employed simple microwave digestion of the microcapsules with 55.55% v/v HNO₃ and 44.45% v/v H₂O₂. The method was applied to determine Ag and Zn in microcapsule samples of different sizes (120 and 450 μm) after their preparation with and without chitosan. Prepared microcapsules, after characterization, were bonded to a polymer carrier by sol-gel procedure and the materials were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and high-resolution optical microscopy. Significant differences were found in Ag and Zn levels between microcapsules samples prepared with and without chitosan. The results have shown that samples with chitosan had up to 20% higher levels of Zn than Ag: 120 μm microcapsules contained 351.50 μg/g of Ag and 85.51 μg/g of Zn, respectively. In contrast, samples prepared without chitosan showed larger overall variability: In microcapsules with a diameter of 120 μm, the amounts of antimicrobial metals were 98.32 μg/g of Ag and 106.75 μg of Zn, respectively. Moreover, 450 μm microcapsules contained 190.98 μg/g of Ag and 121.35 μg/g of Zn. Those quantities are high enough for efficient antimicrobial activity of newly prepared microcapsules, enabling the application of microcapsules in different antimicrobial coatings.