便携式X射线荧光光谱法与原子吸收/原子荧光法测定土壤重金属的对比研究

应用便携式X射线荧光光谱仪(PXRF)分别在原位和实验室条件下对53个土壤样品中的Cu,Pb,As,Cr,Ni和Zn等重金属进行测定,并与原子吸收/原子荧光法测定值进行对比,建立一元线性回归模型分析PXRF数据质量。通过测定土壤样品原位含水量并选取部分样品进行室内水分定量实验,分析土壤水分对于PXRF测定结果的影响。结果表明,PXRF检出限分别为Cu: 10.6 mg·kg-1,Pb: 8.1 mg·kg-1,As: 5.7 mg·kg-1,Cr: 22.5 mg·kg-1,Ni: 21.6 mg·kg-1,Zn: 10.4 mg·kg-1;原位测定时Pb,Cr,Ni和Zn可以达到定量水平;经过风干磨细处理,Cu,Pb,Cr,Ni和Zn在实验室条件下可以达到定量水平,说明X射线荧光光谱法适用于土壤重金属的快速测定与评价。水分对于PXRF测定结果具有“稀释”作用,原位条件下土壤含水量<15%时与>25%时样品的平均相对误差分别为-17%与-31%;实验室条件下土壤含水量从风干土水平提高到30%,测定的平均相对误差由10%变为-24%。土壤水分升高可能会导致数据质量和准确性降低,建议原位测定时控制土壤含水量在25%以内。     

三级炮加载技术在超高压状态方程研究中的应用

根据阻抗梯度飞片设计原则和超高速数值模拟技术设计出一种新的叠层波阻抗梯度飞片,并利用三级炮加载技术将Ta飞片加速至9 km/s以上,测量了Ta在超高压下的状态方程。三级炮实验实现了冲击波速度与粒子速度的同时测量,Ta的Hugoniot数据与文献中发表的数据具有很好的线性关系,说明三级炮加载技术适合于材料超高压状态方程研究。     

High Efficiency Multi-kW Diode-Side-Pumped Nd：YAG Laser with Reduced Thermal Effect

We demonstrate a high efficiency multi-kW diode-side-pumped Nd：YAG laser. High cooling efficiency of the diode-side-pumped module in the laser is achieved. The middle portion of the Nd：YAG rod in the module is cooled by a coolant jet with screwed side surface, and the end-caps of the rod without screwed side surface are cooled by Au coated on the surface. The thermal effect of the laser rod is reduced, which leads to high output power with high optical-optical conversion efficiency. By using three identical Nd：YAG laser modules, an output power of 4.2 kW and beam quality of 58 mm＆#12539;mrad with an optical-optical efficiency of 35% at 1064 nm is obtained in a laser oscillator. By using four identical Nd：YAG laser modules, an output power of 3.1 kW and beam quality of 17 mm＆#12539;mrad with an optical-optical efficiency of 25.8% is demonstrated in a master oscillator power-amplifier system.     

芴基张力半导体结构和光电性质的理论研究

[4]Cyclo-9, 9-dimethyl-2, 7-fluorenylene ([4]CF) was used as a model compound to explore the steric strain effect on the structures and photoelectrical properties of materials. A series of strained cyclic polyfluorene materials, [n]CFs (n=3-8), was designed. It was found that the strain energy decreased and the energy gap increased as the number of n and ring diameter increased. The ionization potential and electronic affinity tended to increase and decrease as the strain energy decreased at the same number of [n]CFs, respectively. With a balance between hole and electron reorganization energies in the system, these compounds demonstrated great potential as ambipolar materials. It was also found that [n]CFs showed an obvious blue shift in their emission spectra wavelengths (λ_em2) as the strain energy decreased. Steric strain provides a powerful tool for the design of multifunctional semiconductors in organic optoelectronics.     

Preparation of Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatographic Packings Based on Monodisperse Hydrophilic Non‐porous Beads and Their Application

Three hydrophilic immobilized metal affinity chromatographic packings for HPLC have been synthesized by chemical modification of 3.0 µm monodisperse non‐porous poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylenedimethacrylate) (P_GMA/EDMA) beads. The retention behavior of proteins on the metal ion chelated columns loaded with copper(II), nickel(II) and zin(II) ion was studied. The effect of pH on the protein retention was investigated on both the naked and metal ion chelated columns in the range from 4.0 to 9.0. Four proteins were quickly separated in 3.0 min with linear gradient elution at a flow rate of 3.0 mL/min by using the synthesized Ni²⁺‐IDA (iminodiacetic acid) packings. The separation time was shorter than other immobilized metal affinity chromatography reported in the literature. Purification of lysozyme from egg white and trypsin on the commercially available trypsin was performed on the naked‐IDA and Cu²⁺‐IDA columns, respectively. The purities of the purified trypsin and lysozyme were more than 92% and 95%, respectively.     

茂金属聚乙烯薄膜中晶点的组成与结构

茂金属聚乙烯薄膜中晶点的组成与结构;茂金属聚乙烯;晶点;薄膜;组成;结构     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶和奶粉中6种聚醚类抗生素残留量

建立了用于检测牛奶和奶粉中拉沙洛菌素、莫能菌素、尼日利亚菌素、盐霉素、甲基盐霉素和马杜霉素铵6种聚醚类抗生素残留量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法.用乙腈提取样品中的聚醚类抗生素,提取液经HLB固相萃取柱净化,采用超高效液相色谱分离,以电喷雾离子源正离子多反应监测模式进行质谱分析.6种抗生素在0.5～100.0 μg/L范围内均呈线性,相关系数r>0.99.在空白样品中添加6种聚醚类抗生素的回收率均在74.0%～98.5%之间; 精密度(RSD)4.8%～17.2%.牛奶中6种聚醚类抗生素检出限均为0.2 μg/L;奶粉中6种聚醚类抗生素检出限均为1.6 μg/kg.     

生物燃料电池处理生活污水同步产电特性研究

以某生活污水处理厂缺氧池活性污泥为接种体,以葡萄糖为模拟生活废水,构建双室型微生物燃料电池。利用微生物燃料电池(MFC,Microbial fuel cell)实现生活废水降解与同步产电。研究基质降解动力学及温度对MFC电极过程动力学的影响,明确微生物电化学活性、阳极传荷阻抗、阳极电势、电池产能之间的关系,考察库伦效率及COD去除率。研究结果表明,电池功率输出与基质浓度关系遵循莫顿动力学方程:P=Pmaxc/(ks+c),其中,半饱和常数ks为138.5 mg/L,最大功率密度Pmax为320.2 mW/m2。葡萄糖浓度较小时,反应遵循一级动力学规律:-dcA/dt=kcA,k=0.262 h-1。操作温度从20℃提高到35℃,生物膜电化学活性不断提高,传荷阻抗从361.2Ω减小到36.2Ω,阳极电极电势不断降低,同时,峰值功率密度从80.6 mW/m2提高到183.3 mW/m2。45℃时,产电菌活性降低,峰值功率密度减小到36.8 mW/m2。葡萄糖浓度为1 500 mg/L,温度为35℃时,MFC电化学性能最佳,稳定运行6 h后库伦效率为44.6%,COD去除率为49.2%。     

从N-Fmoc-L-α-氨基酸合成对应的同系物N——Fmoc-L-β-氨基酸(I)

描述了以重氮甲烷为重氮化试剂,以商品易得的N-Fmoc-L-α-氨基酸为原料,成功地运用Arndt-Eistert合成,仅通过两步反应,就高产率地合成了8个对应的同系物N--Fmoc-L-β-氨基酸的方法。     

仲辛基苯氧基乙酸萃取稀土(Ⅲ)的机理

氯化稀土;萃取机理;仲辛基苯氧基乙酸萃取稀土(Ⅲ)的机理