Mn(II) complexes of N′-(2-methoxybenzoyl)hydrazine carbodithioic acid ethyl ester: synthesis, spectral and structural characterization

Two new Mn(II) complexes [Mn(Hmbhce)₂(o-phen)] (1) and [Mn(Hmbhce)₂(bpy)] (2) based on N??-(2-methoxybenzoyl)hydrazine carbodithioic acid ethyl ester (H₂mbhce) have been synthesized by reacting Mn(OAc)₂·4H₂O with H₂mbhce in the presence of o-phen/bpy. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility measurement, IR, UV?CVis and single crystal X-ray data. Both complexes [Mn(Hmbhce)₂(o-phen)] and [Mn(Hmbhce)₂(bpy)] crystallize in monoclinic system with space group P 21/c and P 21/n, respectively. The single crystal X-ray structures of 1 and 2 show that the Mn(II) center is bonded with two (Hmbhce)^? through carbonyl oxygen and deprotonated hydrazinic nitrogen, plus two nitrogen atoms from one o-phen/bpy co-ligand. The crystal structures of complexes 1 and 2 are stabilized by weak intramolecular N?CH···O hydrogen bonding and C?CH···?? interactions giving supramolecular architectures.     

Visible light-mediated photocatalyzed synthesis of oxazole via intermolecular C?N and C?O bond formation

An efficient visible light-mediated, eosin Y-catalyzed synthesis of oxazole has been developed from benzil with primary amines, that providing a straightforward, green, and environmentally benign access to a wide variety of substituted oxazole-2-amines under mild reaction conditions.     

Densification mechanisms during reactive spark plasma sintering of Titanium diboride and Zirconium diboride

Abstract

In this study, dense fine-grained ZrB₂ and TiB₂ were fabricated using reactive spark plasma sintering (RSPS) of ball-milled Zr/B and Ti/B mixtures. Systematic investigations were carried out to understand the mechanisms of reactive sintering. Two densification mechanisms were found to be operating during RSPS. The first stage of densification was due to self-propagating high temperature synthesis reaction leading to formation of ZrB₂ and TiB₂ compacts having relative density of ~48 and ~65%, respectively. The second stage of densification occurred at temperatures more than 1100 °C and resulted in final relative density of more than 98%. Electron backscatter diffraction and electron microscopy studies on interrupted RSPS samples as well as dense samples showed deformed grains and presence of slip steps while grain orientation spread map and pole figure analysis confirmed plastic flow. Plastic flow-aided pore closure is shown as major mechanism during reactive sintering.     

Long-period fiber gratings fabricated with a CO2 laser beam and phase mask

A new holographic technique is proposed for fabricating long-period fiber gratings (LPGs) using a CO₂-laser and a phase mask. A CO₂ laser operating at 10.6 μm is incident normally on the phase mask and the diffracted interfering beams imprint a thermally induced periodic modulation into the cladding of the fiber placed behind the mask. Preliminary results of this technique are presented and discussed. An unusual self-tapered fiber LPG (STFLPG) is also presented.     

Non-ideality in Born-free energy of solvation in alcohol-water and dimethylsulfoxide-acetonitrile mixtures: Solvent size ratio and ion size dependence

Recent extension of mean spherical approximation (MSA) for electrolyte solution has been employed to investigate the non-ideality in Born-free energy of solvation of a rigid, mono-positive ion in binary dipolar mixtures of associating (ethanol-water) and non-associating (dimethylsulfoxide-acetonitrile) solvents. In addition to the dipole moments, the solvent size ratio and ion size have been treated in a consistent manner in this extended MSA theory for the first time. The solvent-solvent size ratio is found to play an important role in determining the non-ideality in these binary mixtures. Smaller ions such as Li⁺ and Na⁺ show stronger non-ideality in such mixtures compared to bigger ions (for example, Cs⁺ and Bu₄N⁺). The partial solvent polarization densities around smaller ions in tertiary butanol (TBA)-water mixture is found to be very different from that in other alcohol-water mixtures as well as to that for larger ions in aqueous solutions of TBA. Non-ideality is weaker in mixtures consisting of solvent species possessing nearly equal diameters and dipole moments and is reflected in the mole fraction dependent partial solvent polarization densities.     

Athermal continuous-wave fiber amplifier

We present a new theoretical scheme for Yb³⁺-doped athermal (radiation-balanced) continuous-wave fiber amplifier. This approach allows amplification with optical pumping of the fiber amplifier without detrimental heating of the fiber. Athermal amplification is realized by laser cooling in which waste heat is disposed of in the form of spontaneous fluorescence by balancing the radiated and absorbed power. The radiation-balanced fiber amplification can be realized using a specially designed distributed pumping scheme.