Reconstruction from local discrete averages on the plane

The aim of the paper is to construct a solution for the equation f?μ=g, where f?μ is the convolution of f and μ given by , g is an arbitrary continuous function and μ is a finitely supported measure on the plane.     

Anodic growth of highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays to 134 microm in length

Described is the fabrication of self-aligned highly ordered TiO(2) nanotube arrays by potentiostatic anodization of Ti foil having lengths up to 134 mum, representing well over an order of magnitude increase in length thus far reported. We have achieved the very long nanotube arrays in fluoride ion containing baths in combination with a variety of nonaqueous organic polar electrolytes including dimethyl sulfoxide, formamide, ethylene glycol, and N-methylformamide. Depending on the anodization voltage, pore diameters of the resulting nanotube arrays range from 20 to 150 nm. Our longest nanotube arrays yield a roughness factor of 4750 and length-to-width (outer diameter) aspect ratio of approximately 835. The as-prepared nanotubes are amorphous but crystallize with annealing at elevated temperatures. In initial measurements, 45 mum long nanotube-array samples, 550 degrees C annealed, under UV illumination show a remarkable water photoelectrolysis photoconversion efficiency of 16.25%.     

Relaxor behavior of K0.5La0.5Bi2Ta2O9 ceramics

Potassium lanthanum bismuth tantalate (K_0.5La_0.5Bi₂Ta₂O₉), a new relaxor ferroelectric was synthesized via the solid-state reaction route. X-ray structural studies along with Rietveld refinement confirmed it to be an n=2 member of the Aurivillius family of oxides and the refined lattice parameters are , and . The appearance of 1/2{h00} and 1/2{hk0} type superlattice reflections in the electron diffraction patterns reflected the presence of ordered polar regions. A broad dielectric peak associated with frequency dependent dielectric maximum temperature was observed. The value of the diffuseness parameter γ=1.93, obtained from the fit of a modified Curie-Weiss law established the relaxor nature of the title compound. The dielectric relaxation obeyed the Vogel-Fulcher relation wherein and . The relaxor behavior was attributed to the local polar ordering on A-sites.     

New quinoxaline-piperazine-oxazole conjugates: Synthesis,in vitro anticancer,in silico ADMET,and molecular docking studies

In this paper, we describe the synthesis of some new quinoxaline-piperazine-oxazole amide conjugates 6a-n from 3-chloroquinoxaline-2-carbonitrile using well-known reaction sequences. The synthesized compounds were characterized by ¹H NMR,¹³C NMR, and mass spectral analysis. The compounds were tested for their in vitro antiproliferative activity toward four different cancer cell lines such as PC-3, MCF-7, DU-145, and A-549 by MTT method. The compounds, 6c, 6h, 6i , and 6n were found to be more potent than the standard Erlotinib. In vitro tyrosine kinase EGFR inhibition studies using four potent compounds revealed that 6n has double inhibiting tendency with value IC₅₀ of 0.22 μM and 6h with value of IC₅₀ 0.27 μM compared to reference compound. Molecular docking studies of active compounds, 6c , 6h , 6i , and 6n on EGFR receptor suggested that all the compounds have more binding energies than that of Erlotinib. Furthermore, the in silico pharmacokinetic profile was accomplished for the active compounds, 6c , 6h , 6i , and 6n using SWISS/ADME and pk CSM, whereas compounds, 6h , 6i , and 6c followed Lipinski rule, Veber rule, Egan rule and Muegge rule. The remaining compound 6n did not follow Lipinski rule, Ghose rule because one common violation, that is, because of high molecular weight (MW > 350).     

Stable Conversion Chemistry‐Based Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Hierarchical Multifunctional Polymer Electrolytes with Near‐Single Ion Conduction

The low Coulombic efficiency and serious safety issues resulting from uncontrollable dendrite growth have severely impeded the practical applications of lithium (Li) metal anodes. Herein we report a stable quasi‐solid‐state Li metal battery by employing a hierarchical multifunctional polymer electrolyte (HMPE). This hybrid electrolyte was fabricated via in situ copolymerizing lithium 1‐[3‐(methacryloyloxy)propylsulfonyl]‐1‐(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiMTFSI) and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETEA) monomers in traditional liquid electrolyte, which is absorbed in a poly(3,3‐dimethylacrylic acid lithium) (PDAALi)‐coated glass fiber membrane. The well‐designed HMPE simultaneously exhibits high ionic conductivity (2.24×10^?3 S cm^?1 at 25 °C), near‐single ion conducting behavior (Li ion transference number of 0.75), good mechanical strength and remarkable suppression for Li dendrite growth. More intriguingly, the cation permselective HMPE efficiently prevents the migration of negatively charged iodine (I) species, which provides the as‐developed Li‐I batteries with high capacity and long cycling stability.     

A Stable Quasi‐Solid‐State Sodium–Sulfur Battery

Ambient‐temperature sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries are considered a promising energy storage system due to their high theoretical energy density and low costs. However, great challenges remain in achieving a high rechargeable capacity and long cycle life. Herein we report a stable quasi‐solid‐state Na‐S battery enabled by a poly(S‐pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETEA))‐based cathode and a (PETEA‐tris[2‐(acryloyloxy)ethyl] isocyanurate (THEICTA))‐based gel polymer electrolyte. The polymeric sulfur electrode strongly anchors sulfur through chemical binding and inhibits the shuttle effect. Meanwhile, the in situ formed polymer electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and enhanced safety successfully stabilizes the Na anode/electrolyte interface, and simultaneously immobilizes soluble Na polysulfides. The as‐developed quasi‐solid‐state Na‐S cells exhibit a high reversible capacity of 877 mA h g^?1 at 0.1 C and an extended cycling stability.     

Lithium garnet based free-standing solid polymer composite membrane for rechargeable lithium battery

Electrolytes with high lithium-ion conductivity, better mechanical strength and large electrochemical window are essential for the realization of high-energy density lithium batteries. Polymer electrolytes are gaining interest due to their inherent flexibility and nonflammability over conventional liquid electrolytes. In this work, lithium garnet composite polymer electrolyte membrane (GCPEM) consisting of large molecular weight (W_avg ~?5?×?10⁶) polyethylene oxide (PEO) complexed with lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) and lithium garnet oxide Li_6.28Al_0.24La₃Zr₂O₁₂ (Al-LLZO) is prepared by solution-casting method. Significant improvement in Li⁺ conductivity for Al-LLZO containing GCPEM is observed compared with the Al-LLZO free polymer membrane. Maximized room temperature (30 °C) Li⁺ conductivity of 4.40?×?10^?4 S cm^?1 and wide electrochemical window (4.5 V) is observed for PEO₈/LiClO₄?+?20 wt% Al-LLZO (GCPEM-20) membrane. The fabricated cell with LiCoO₂ as cathode, metallic lithium as anode and GCPEM-20 as electrolyte membrane delivers an initial charge/discharge capacity of 146 mAh g^?1/142 mAh g^?1 at 25 °C with 0.06 C-rate.     

Unsteady boundary layer flow of a nanofluid over a stretching sheet with variable fluid properties in the presence of thermal radiation

In this paper, we investigated numerically an unsteady boundary layer flow of a nanofluid over a stretching sheet in the presence of thermal radiation with variable fluid properties. Using a set of suitable similarity transformations, the governing partial differential equations are reduced into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. System of the nonlinear ordinary differential equations are then solved by the Keller-box method. The physical parameters taken into consideration for the present study are: Prandtl number Pr, Lewis number Le, Brownian motion parameter N _b, thermophoresis parameter N _t, radiation parameter N _r, unsteady parameter M. In addition to these parameters, two more new parameters namely variable thermophoretic diffusion coefficient parameter e and variable Brownian motion diffusion coefficient parameter β have been introduced in the present study. Effects of these parameters on temperature, volume fraction of the nanoparticles, surface heat and mass transfer rates are presented graphically and discussed briefly. To validate our method, we have compared the present results with some previously reported results in the literature. The results are found to be in a very good agreement.     

Metal carbonates: alternative to metal oxides for supercapacitor applications? A case study of MnCO<Subscript>3</Subscript> vs MnO<Subscript>2</Subscript>

We report here the potential competency of MnCO₃ versus MnO₂ for supercapacitor applications. MnCO₃ was synthesized by a hydrothermal method using KMnO₄ as a manganese source and either sugar or pyrrole as carbon source. MnCO₃ synthesized using sugar and pyrrole as carbon source is referred hereafter as MnCO₃(s) and MnCO₃(p), respectively. The synthesized products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopic and transmission electron microscopic studies. Microscopic studies revealed that MnO₂ possesses micro-flower-like morphology constructed by self-assembled nano-petals. While the morphology of MnCO₃(s) is sub-micron size particles of different shape, the morphology of MnCO₃(p) is crystalline particles of 10–20 nm dia. The capacitive characteristics of MnO₂, MnCO₃(s) and MnCO₃(p) were evaluated in aqueous 0.1 M Mg(ClO₄)₂ electrolyte between 0 and 1 V using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling. Specific capacitance (SC) values of 216 and 296 F g^?1 obtained for MnCO₃(s) and MnCO₃(p) are 35 and 85 % higher than SC value of 160 F g^?1 obtained for MnO₂, respectively. Besides better capacitive storage characteristics, MnCO₃(s) and MnCO₃(p) have also exhibited better rate capability and cycle life than MnO₂.