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21.
The formation of tin compounds on the surface of hydroxyapatite, the main crystalline component of teeth, is discussed controversially. SnF2 is used as an anticaries agent in toothpaste preparations. Pure hydroxyapatite (HAP) is treated with extracts of commercially available toothpastes containing tin fluoride and analyzed by electron spectroscopy (ESCA). Survey spectra and depth profiles are recorded. The chemical shifts measured for the HAP samples are compared with those of standard tin compounds. It is concluded that on the surface of hydroxyapatite a mixture of two-valent fluoro-phosphato compounds is formed. SnO is not found in the mixture. 相似文献
22.
What is “Molybdic Acid” or “Polymolybdic Acid”? According to a comparative study of the literature, supplemented by well-aimed experimental investigations and equilibrium calculations, the terms “molybdic acid” or “polymolybdic acid”, used for many substances, species, or solutions in the literature, are applicable to a species, a solution, and two solids:
- a) The monomeric molybdic acid, most probably having the formula MoO2(OH)2(H2O)2(? H2MoO4, aq), exists in (aqueous) solution only and never exceeds a concentration of ≈ 10?3 M since at higher concentrations it reacts with other monomemeric molybdenum (VI) species to give anionic or cationic polymers.
- b) A concentrated (>0.1 M MoVI) aqueous molybdate solution of degree of acidification P = 2 (realized, e. g., by a solution of one of the MoVI oxides; by any molybdate solutions whose cations have been exchanged by H3O+ on a cation exchanger; by suitable acidification of a molybdate solution) contains 8 H3O+ and the well-known polyanion Mo36O112(H2O)168? exactly in the stoichiometric proportions.
- c) A glassy substance, obtained from an alkali metal salt-free solution prepared according to (b), refers to the compound (H3O)8[Mo36O112(H2O)16]·xH2O, x = 25—29.
- d) A solid having the ideal composition [(H3O)Mo5O15(OH)H2O·H2O]∞ consists of a polymolybdate skeleton (the well-known ?decamolybdate”? structure), in the tunnels of which H3O+ and H2O are intercalate. The structure is very unstable if only H3O+ cations are present, but it is enormously stabilized by a partial exchange of H3O+ by certain alkali or alkaline earth metal cations.
23.
Structural modifications of multifidene ( 1 ), viridiene ( 2 ) and ectocarpene ( 5 ) led to the synthesis of eleven new pheromone components or imitatin substances mostly by Grignard alkylation of cyclopentene and cycloheptadiene synthons. A new lactone α,ω dienol conversion is reported. 相似文献
24.
Wouter Post Arijana Susa Rolf Blaauw Karin Molenveld Rutger J. I. Knoop 《高分子科学杂志,C辑:聚合物评论》2020,60(2):359-388
AbstractThe outstanding performance of conventional thermosets arising from their covalently cross-linked networks directly results in a limited recyclability. The available commercial or close-to-commercial techniques facing this challenge can be divided into mechanical, thermal, and chemical processing. However, these methods typically require a high energy input and do not take the recycling of the thermoset matrix itself into account. Rather, they focus on retrieving the more valuable fibers, fillers, or substrates. To increase the circularity of thermoset products, many academic studies report potential solutions which require a reduced energy input by using degradable linkages or dynamic covalent bonds. However, the majority of these studies have limited potential for industrial implementation. This review aims to bridge the gap between the industrial and academic developments by focusing on those which are most relevant from a technological, sustainable and economic point of view. An overview is given of currently used approaches for the recycling of thermoset materials, the development of novel inherently recyclable thermosets and examples of possible applications that could reach the market in the near future. 相似文献
25.
26.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Nitrido Complex [Na-15-crown-5]2[MoNF4]2 · 2 CH3CN The title compound is synthesized by the reaction of [MoCl4(NSCl)]2 with excess NaF in boiling acetonitrile in the presence of the crown ether 15-crown-5. [Na-15-crown-5]2[MoNF4]2 · 2 CH3CN forms yellow crystals, which were characterized by an X-ray structure determination. Space group P1 , Z = 1. Lattice dimensions at ?90°C: a = 855.5, b = 1 069.9, C = 1 143.5 pm, α = 105.71°, β = 95.29°, γ = 102.25° (4 096 independent observed reflexions, R = 0.039). Short Na…?F contacts of 234 pm with the four axial fluoro ligands of the dimeric anion [MoNF4]22? allow formulation of a triple ion. The centrosymmetric anion is dimerized by bent fluoro bridges with Mo? F distances of 198 and 245 pm. The long Mo? F distances of the MoF2Mo ring are in transposition to the nitrido ligands, the bond lengths of which (165 pm) correspond to triple bonds. 相似文献
27.
28.
A new approach towards the synthesis of glycosides based upon a (formal) insertion of glycosylidene carbenes into O? H bonds is presented. The synthesis and characterization of the glycosylidene-derived diazirines 25 – 28 , precursors of glycosylidene carbenes, are described. The diazirines were prepared by the rapid, high-yielding oxidation of the diaziridines 20 and 22 – 24 with I2/Et3N. The diaziridines, the first examples of C- alkoxy-diaziridines, were formed in high yields by the reaction of the [(glycosylidene)-amino]methanesulfonates 14 and 17 – 19 with a saturated solution of NH3 in MeOH. The diazirines are highly reactive compounds, losing N2 at room temperature or below. The reaction of the gluco-configurated diazirine 25 with i-PrOH yielding a mixture of the α- and β-D -glucosides 29 and 30 illustrates the potential of glycosylidene-derived diazirines as a new type of glycosyl donors. 相似文献
29.
The reaction of linear (Si(n)Cl(2)(n)(+2); n = 3-5) and cyclic (Si(5)Cl(10)) perchloropolysilanes with 1 or 2 equiv of LiN(SiMe(3))(2) results in the formation of the bis(trimethylsilyl)amino derivatives (Me(3)Si)(2)NSi(3)Cl(7) (1), (Me(3)Si)(2)NSi(4)Cl(9) (2), (Me(3)Si)(2)N(SiCl(2))(n)N(SiMe(3))(2) (n = 3, 4; n = 4, 5; n = 5, 6), cyclo-(Me(3)Si)(2)NSi(5)Cl(9) (7), and cyclo-[(Me(3)Si)(2)N](2)Si(5)Cl(8) (8). 1-8 easily can be hydrogenated with LiAlH(4) to give the corresponding amino and diamino polysilanyl hydrides. The monosubstituted and cyclic compounds 1, 2, 7, and 8 additionally afford Si-Si bond scission products, which cannot be separated in all cases. Chloro- and dichloro derivatives of Si(3)H(8), n-Si(4)H(10), and n-Si(5)H(12) are obtained from the corresponding aminosilanes and dry HCl. All compounds were characterized by standard spectroscopic techniques. For Si-H derivatives the coupled (29)Si NMR spectra were analyzed to obtain an unequivocal structural proof. 相似文献
30.
Arafat A Schroën K de Smet LC Sudhölter EJ Zuilhof H 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2004,126(28):8600-8601
This communication presents the first functionalization of a hydrogen-terminated silicon-rich silicon nitride (Si3Nx) surface with a well-defined, covalently attached organic monolayer. Properties of the resulting monolayers are monitored by measurement of the static water contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). Further functionalization was performed by reaction of Si3Nx with a trifluoroethanol ester alkene (CH2=CH-(CH2)8CO2CH2CF3) followed by basic hydrolysis to afford the corresponding carboxylic acid-terminated monolayer with hydrophilic properties. These results show that Si3Nx can be functionalized with a tailor-made organic monolayer, has highly tunable wetting properties, and displays significant potential for further functionalization. 相似文献