Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) Burgers Equation in Dusty Negative Ion Plasmas: Evolution of Dust-Ion Acoustic Shocks

We study the nonlinear propagation of dust-ion acoustic (DIA) shock waves in an un-magnetized dusty plasma which consists of electrons, both positive and negative ions and negatively charged immobile dust grains. Starting from a set of hydrodynamic equations with the ion thermal pressures and ion kinematic viscosities included, and using a standard reductive perturbation method, the Kadomtsev-Petviashivili-Burgers (K-P-Burgers) equation is derived, which governs the evolution of DIA shocks. A stationary solution of the K-P-Burgers equation is obtained and its properties are analysed with different plasma number densities, ion temperatures and masses. It is shown that a transition from shocks with negative potential to positive one occurs depending on the negative ion concentration in the plasma and the obliqueness of propagation of DIA waves.     

A Flow feature detection framework for large-scale computational data based on incremental proper orthogonal decomposition and data mining

ABSTRACT

A framework based on incremental proper orthogonal decomposition (iPOD) and data mining to perform large-scale computational data analysis is presented. It includes iPOD to incrementally reduce data dimensions and decouple dynamic flow structures in massive CFD data; data mining to classify and identify candidate global regions of interest (ROIs) for focused analysis; feature detection to capture key flow features and ultimate ROIs (UROIs); and targeted data storage and visualisation. Quantitative results show that iPOD is able to process large datasets that overwhelm the batch-POD, leading to 4–16× data reduction in the temporal domain. Data mining and feature detection algorithms, respectively, identify 50–70% of the spatial domain with high probability of flow feature occurrence and only 2–30% containing key flow features. The UROI and associated data can be selectively stored and visualised. In contrast to batch-POD, iPOD reduces memory usage by more than 10× and time by up to 75%.     

First order transition to oscillation death through an environment

The emergence of dynamical abrupt transitions for the first time in an ensemble of identical limit-cycle and chaotic oscillators coupled via a common environment is reported. The transition from the oscillatory state to the death state and vice versa, in these networks of oscillators are found not only discontinuous as well as irreversible in the parameter space. This first order phase transition in these systems is termed as Explosive Death. The occurrence of such transition is studied in details by using an appropriate order parameter for both limit-cycle and chaotic oscillators, in particular, Stuart–Landau and Rössler oscillators. The backward transition point for this phenomenon is obtained analytically using linear stability analysis and is found to be consistent with the numerical results.     

Control of coexisting attractors via temporal feedback

We propose a method for controlling coexisting attractors in multistable dynamical systems. In this method, the feedback for an initial duration of time can drive the system to the desired state. We have illustrated this method by considering temporal feedback in autonomous as well as non-autonomous dynamical systems. The experimental realisation of the proposed method is also presented.     

Lower order three-dimensional Burgers equation having non-Maxwellian ions in dusty plasmas

The dust acoustic(DA) shock wave with dust charge fluctuations, non-Maxwellian ions, and non-isothermal electrons is studied theoretically. The perturbation technique is employed to derive the lower order three-dimensional(3D) Burgers equation, and shock wave solution is explored by the tan-hyperbolic method. The effects of flat trapped and trapped electron distributions in the presence of Maxwellian and non-Maxwellian ions on characteristics shock waves are observed. The temperature ratio of non-Maxwellian ion temperature and non-isothermal electron temperature is found to play an important role in forming the shock-like structure.     

Dynamics of Entanglement in Qubit-Qutrit with x-Component of DM Interaction

In this present paper,we study the entanglement dynamics in qubit A-qutrit B pair under x component of Dzyaloshinshkii-Moriya interaction(D_x)by taking an auxiliary qubit C.Here,we consider an entangled qubit-qutrit pair initially prepared in two parameter qubit-qutrit states and one auxiliary qubit prepared in pure state interacts with the qutrit of the pair through DM interaction.We trace away the auxiliary qubit and calculate the reduced dynamics in qubit A-qutrit B pair to study the influence of the state of auxiliary qubit C and D_x on entanglement.We find that the state(probability amplitude)of auxiliary qubit does not influence the entanglement,only D_x influences the same.The phenomenon of entanglement sudden death(ESD)induced by D_x has also been observed.We also present the affected and unaffected two parameter qubit-qutrit states by D_x.     

Ion irradiation induced evolution of nanostructure in a graded multi-trilayer system

Nanostructural modifications in a double-graded Pt/Ni/C multi-trilayer, due to irradiation by an energetic ion-beam, have been analyzed using X-ray reflectivity (XRR), X-ray standing wave (XSW) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (X-TEM) techniques. 2 MeV Au²⁺ ions were rastered on Pt/Ni/C multi-trilayer samples producing a uniformly irradiated area at ion-fluences ranging from 1 × 10¹⁴ ions/cm² to 2 × 10¹⁵ ions/cm². Ion irradiation induced modifications of microstructural parameters, e.g., layer thicknesses and electron densities of individual layers and interface roughnesses have been obtained from XRR analysis. Pt- and Ni-fluorescence yield from the as-deposited sample under the XSW condition show the distinct existence of Pt and Ni layers. The almost indistinguishable Pt- and Ni-fluorescence data over the first order Bragg peak from the sample irradiated at the highest ion-fluence, suggest complete mixing of Pt and Ni. Strong mixing between Pt and Ni in the ion irradiated samples is also corroborated by XRR results. X-TEM studies reveal the individual layer structure in the as-deposited sample. This layer structure is lost in the sample irradiated at the highest ion fluence indicating a complete mixing between Pt and Ni layers and nanoscale grain growth of Pt-Ni alloys. Additionally, formation of Pt-Ni alloy nano-clusters in the C-layers is observed. The results are understood in the light of the positive heat of mixing between Pt and C, and Ni and C and the negative heat of mixing between Pt and Ni. The effect of heat of mixing becomes dominant at high fluence irradiation.     

Dielectric relaxation in a new double perovskite oxide Ho2MgZrO6

A new double perovskite oxide holmium magnesium zirconate Ho₂MgZrO₆ (HMZ) was prepared by solid state reaction technique. The crystal structure has been determined by powder X-ray diffraction which shows monoclinic phase at room temperature with cell parameters a = 9.3028 ± 0.0030 Å, b = 5.2293 ± 0.0008 Å, c = 4.4009 ± 0.0009 Å, β = 103.3746 ± 0.0166°. An analysis of complex permittivity with frequency was carried out assuming a distribution of relaxation times. The frequency dependent electrical data are analyzed in the framework of conductivity and electric modulus formalisms. At the high temperature range, conductivity data satisfy the variable range hopping (VRH) model. In this regime, the conductivity of sample obeys Mott’s T^1/4 law, characteristic of VRH. High temperature data indicates the formation of thermally activated small polarons. The scaling behaviour of imaginary part of electric modulus suggests that the relaxation describes the same mechanism at various temperatures.     

Structure and Reactivity of Al−O(H)−Al Moieties in Siloxide Frameworks: Solution and Gas‐Phase Model Studies

Even though aluminas and aluminosilicates have found widespread application, a consistent molecular understanding of their surface heterogeneity and the behavior of defects resulting from hydroxylation/dehydroxylation remains unclear. Here, we study the well‐defined molecular model compound, [Al₃(μ₂‐OH)₃(THF)₃(PhSi(OSiPh₂O)₃)₂], 1 , to gain insight into the acid–base reactivity of cyclic trinuclear Al₃(μ₂‐OH)₃ moieties at the atomic level. We find that, like zeolites, they are sufficiently acidic to catalyze the isomerization of olefins. DFT and gas phase vibrational spectroscopy on solvent‐free and deprotonated 1 show that the six‐membered ring structure of its Al₃(μ₂‐OH)₃ core is unstable with respect to deprotonation of one of its hydroxy groups and rearranges into two edge‐sharing four‐membered rings. This renders Al_IV?O(H)?Al_IV units strong acid sites, and all results together suggest that their acidity is similar to that of zeolitic Si_IV?O(H)?Al_IV groups.     

REVIEW: metal complexes as urease inhibitors

Urease plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of several diseases and also has practical implications in other fields, such as agriculture or chemical analysis. Among the multitude of chemical species known to inhibit urease, metal complexes stand out as a special category due to their specific mechanism of action, distinct from purely organic substances. Their inhibitory activity seems to depend on the type of metal and its oxidation state as well as on the coordination environment of the central atom. Furthermore, the study of the interaction between metal ions and their complexes with urease renders valuable insights into detailed catalytic mechanisms of this enzyme. This brief survey attempts to provide an overview of the published research on urease inhibition by metal complexes.