Global analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the exons of human deoxyribonuclease I-like 1 and 2 genes

Several SNPs in the deoxyribonuclease I-like 1 (DNase 1L1) and DNase 1L2 were investigated. In the present study, the genotype distributions of three synonymous SNPs (V59V, rs1050095; P67P, rs1130929; A277A, rs17849495) in the DNase 1L1 gene and four non-synonymous SNPs, V122I (rs34952165), Q170H (rs6643670), and D227A (rs5987256) in the DNase 1L1 gene, as well as D197A (rs62621282) in the DNase 1L2 gene were investigated in 13 populations. In all the populations, no variation was found in four SNPs (V59V, Q170H, D227A, and A277A) in DNASE1L1 or in D197A in DNASE1L2. As for V122I, only the German population showed a low degree of polymorphism. The SNP V122I in DNASE1L1 was monoallelic for the G-allele in all of the Asian and African populations examined, with no polymorphism being evident. Since the A-allele in SNP V122I was distributed in only the Caucasian populations, not in the other ethnic groups, it was confirmed that the A-allele in SNP V122I was Caucasian-specific. On the other hand, only P67P in DNASE1L1 was polymorphic among three synonymous SNPs. The effect of nucleotide substitution corresponding to polymorphic SNP P67P on DNase 1L1 activity was examined: the corresponding nucleotide substitution in polymorphic SNP P67P has little effect on the DNase activity.     

Conformational Change of Spermidine upon Interaction with Adenosine Triphosphate in Aqueous Solution

A complex rotation : The solution conformation of spermidine (SPD) was elucidated by using diastereospecifically deuterated and ¹³C‐labeled derivatives to diagnose the orientation of seven conformationally relevant bonds. NMR coupling constants were determined for a complex formed from spermidine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP; see figure).

     

Bis(2-t-butylphenyl)phosphonoacetamides for the highly cis-selective synthesis of α,β-unsaturated amides

New Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reagents, (o-t-BuPhO)₂P(O)CH₂CONMe(OMe) and (o-t-BuPhO)₂P(O)CH₂CON(CH₂CH₂) ₂O were prepared via the Arbuzov reaction in good yields. The HWE reaction of these reagents with a variety of aldehydes gave cis-α,β-unsaturated amides with high selectivity in almost quantitative yields.     

A New Method of Low Temperature Methanol Synthesis

Low temperature methanol synthesis is a promising technique for the practical methanol industry. New developments of a new kind of low temperature methanol synthesis were reviewed, including the effects of feed gas, reaction solvent, supercritical media and catalyst modification. The reaction mechanism and kinetics were also summarized primarily. Carbon dioxide played an important role in this new kind of low temperature methanol synthesis. It reacted with hydrogen adsorbed on catalyst surface to form HCOOM, an important reaction intermediate. Alcohol solvent in the low temperature methanol synthesis performed not only a media, but also a homogeneous catalyst. The reaction of the adsorbed formate species with alcohol on Cu/ZnO catalyst surface proceeded according to the Rideal mechanism rather than Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism to form alkyl formate. The formation of alkyl formate from alcohol solvent and hydrogenation of such an alkyl formate were the key steps in low temperature methanol synthesis reaction. These results provided new insights into low temperature methanol synthesis.     

Facile synthesis of H-type zeolite shell on a silica substrate for tandem catalysis

A new class of silica-based zeolite capsule catalyst was readily prepared employing a dual-layer method under close-to-neutral conditions. In a tandem catalysis process, the precisely controlled synthesis of dimethyl ether was realized. This new concept of H-type zeolite shell preparation and application represents a powerful approach for preparing high-performance, multifunctional catalysts.     

Simultaneous quantitation of sphingoid bases and their phosphates in biological samples by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

We developed a liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of C18 sphingosine (Sph), C18 dihydrosphingosine (dhSph), C18 phytosphingosine (pSph), C18 sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), C18 dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate (dhS1P), and C18 phytosphingosine-1-phosphate (pS1P). Samples were prepared by simple methanol deproteinization and analyzed in selected reaction monitoring modes. No peak tailing was observed on the chromatograms using a Capcell Pak ACR column (1.5 mm i.d. × 250 mm, 3 μm, Shiseido). The calibration curves of the sphingoids showed good linearity (r > 0.996) over the range of 0.050-5.00 pmol per injection. The accuracy and precision of this method were demonstrated using four representative biological samples (serum, brain, liver, and spleen) from mice that contained known amounts of the sphingoids. Samples of mice tissue such as plasma, brain, eye, testis, liver, kidney, lung, spleen, lymph node, and thymus were examined for their Sph, dhSph, pSph, S1P, dhS1P, and pS1P composition. The results confirmed the usefulness of this method for the physiological and pathological analysis of the composition of important sphingoids.     

Applanatines A-E from the culture broth of Ganoderma applanatum

Five novel compounds, applanatines A-E (1-5), and a known one (6) were isolated from the culture broth of Ganoderma applanatum. Their structures including the relative configurations were determined by the interpretation of spectroscopic data. Compounds 3 and 4 suppressed the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum, that is, a prominent member of the oral microflora implicated in periodontitis.     

Solvent-free Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction using DBU

The solvent-free Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction with a variety of aldehydes using 1.5 equiv of DBU gave E-α,β-unsaturated esters and ketones in high yields. The E-selectivity was high and the used DBU was recovered.     

Tensor Optimized Few-body Model for Light Nuclei

The tensor interaction plays an important role to determine the nuclear structure. In this study, we propose a tensor-optimized few-body model (TOFM) in the few body framework with bare nucleon-nucleon interaction. In TOFM, the configurations caused by the one-operation of the tensor operator to the S-wave ground state are introduced in the total wave function. It is shown that TOFM reproduces more than 90 % of the total binding energy and the tensor correlation of the few-body results for s-shell nuclei. We further apply TOFM to the p-shell, as ⁵He. We work out the variational calculation for ⁵He and discuss the structure difference between two resonance states 3/2^? and 1/2^?. In particular, we shed light on the roles of the tensor interaction in two states, such as the LS splitting energy.