Exponentially asymptotically stable dynamical systems

In this paper, we give some sufficient conditions which guarantee that the zero solution of the differential equation with two delayed terms x(t) = a(t)x(t-p(t)) - b(t)x(t-r(t))is uniformly stable     

Synthesis of Δ-OPC-8:0 and OPC-6:0

CuCN-catalyzed reaction of the (1R)-isomer of 4-cyclopentene-1,3-diol monoacetate with TBDPSO(CH₂)₆MgCl produced an S_N2-type product regioselectively in high yield. Mitsunobu inversion of the product and subsequent Claisen rearrangement furnished aldehyde with the two side chains, from which the title compounds were synthesized efficiently.     

Construction of giant porphyrin macrorings self-assembled from thiophenylene-linked bisporphyrins for light-harvesting antennae

As a model of bacterial photosynthetic light-harvesting antenna, a large number of porphyrin units were organized into barrel-shaped macrorings. Two imidazolylporphyrinatozinc(II) molecules were linked through either unsubstituted thiophenes or 3,4-dioctylthiophenes 1 a and 1 b, respectively. These structures were spontaneously organized by complementary coordination of the imidazolyl to zinc and produced a series of self-assembled fluorescent polygonal macrorings under high dilution conditions. The ring size increased compared with previous m-phenylene examples. The size distribution was also controlled by the presence of octyl substituents. A wide distribution of macrorings from 7- to >15-mer was obtained from 1 a, whereas macrorings ranging from 7- to 11-mer with a maximum population focused at the 8-mer were formed with 1 b. The size distribution was governed by competition between entropy-favored, smaller-ring formation and the enthalpy-favored, less-strained larger macroring. The UV/Vis spectra showed a gradual redshift for the larger rings reflecting an increase in the transition dipole interactions.     

Inflammation-induced synergetic enhancement of nanoparticle treatments with DOXIL<Superscript>®</Superscript> and <Superscript>90</Superscript>Y-Lactosome for orthotopic mammary tumor

Polymeric micelles (Lactosome) in the size of 20–30 nm were labeled with radionuclides of ¹¹¹In (¹¹¹In-DOTA-Lactosome) for SPECT imaging and ⁹⁰Y (⁹⁰Y-DOTA-Lactosome) for β-ray irradiation for mammary tumor in mice. The tumor site at the femoral right leg grafted with 4T1 cells was clearly imaged at 24 h after the intravenous injection. Biodistribution revealed that the half-life time of ¹¹¹In-DOTA-Lactosome was 11 h, which enabled the nanoparticle selectively accumulated in tumor site due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The anti-tumor therapeutic effect of ⁹⁰Y-DOTA-Lactosome was observed depending on the dose frequency and amount. Under the condition of the percutaneous ethanol injection treatment, the therapeutic effect of ⁹⁰Y-DOTA-Lactosome was enhanced due to the super EPR effect. Owing to the super EPR effect, co-administration of ⁹⁰Y-DOTA-Lactosome and DOXIL^® inhibited the tumor growth during 15 days with their administrations.     

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine-selective oxidation with peroxotungstate

Tungsten oxidation worked as a simple chemical reaction for the effective detection of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in DNA, distinguishing it from its epigenetic precursors, 5-methylcytosine and unmethylated cytosine. The tungsten-oxidation product obtained from 5-hydroxymethylcytosine was trihydroxylated thymine and was detected as a cleavage band in gel electrophoresis after treatment with hot piperidine.     

A Discrete-Time Clark–Ocone Formula and its Application to an Error Analysis

In this paper, we will establish a discrete-time version of Clark(–Ocone–Haussmann) formula, which can be seen as an asymptotic expansion in a weak sense. The formula is applied to the estimation of the error caused by the martingale representation. Throughout, we use another distribution theory with respect to Gaussian rather than Lebesgue measure, which can be seen as a discrete Malliavin calculus.     

Tensor Optimized Few-body Model for Light Nuclei

The tensor interaction plays an important role to determine the nuclear structure. In this study, we propose a tensor-optimized few-body model (TOFM) in the few body framework with bare nucleon-nucleon interaction. In TOFM, the configurations caused by the one-operation of the tensor operator to the S-wave ground state are introduced in the total wave function. It is shown that TOFM reproduces more than 90 % of the total binding energy and the tensor correlation of the few-body results for s-shell nuclei. We further apply TOFM to the p-shell, as ⁵He. We work out the variational calculation for ⁵He and discuss the structure difference between two resonance states 3/2^? and 1/2^?. In particular, we shed light on the roles of the tensor interaction in two states, such as the LS splitting energy.     

A theoretical study on the origin of pi-facial stereoselectivity in the alkylation of enolates derived from 4-substituted gamma-butyrolactones

The alkylation of 4-methoxymethyl-gamma-butyrolactone enolate with methyl chloride was studied at the B3LYP/6-31+G* level. Conformer search of the free enolate gave 15 unique conformers within 5.39 kcal/mol. The transition structures for both anti- and syn-attacks of methyl chloride on these 15 conformers were located. In all cases, the anti-transition structures are more stable than the corresponding syn-ones. The alkylation of gamma-valerolactone was studied at the MP2, B3LYP, and HF levels of theory with the 6-31+G* basis set in the presence of Li+ and dimethyl ether molecules. Basis set effects were also examined by the comparison of the MP2 results with the 6-31+G*, 6-31+G**, and 6-311+G** basis sets in one case. This study shows that the main source of the anti-selectivity of 4-substituted gamma-butyrolactones is eclipsing strain in the syn-transition structures.     

A configuration analysis for fragment interaction

We propose a modified version of configuration analysis (CA) for the fragment interaction in conjunction with Kitaura’s fragment molecular orbital (FMO) scheme. The proposal is abbreviated as CAFI. The MO sets of fragments are merged and then orthonormalized by the use of a weighted Löwdin orthonormalization. The energy calculation is performed with the concurrent electron relaxation functional (CERF). The relaxation energy is obtained in an orbital-wise fashion and is distinguished as the charge-transfer and the polarization. The utility of CAFI is demonstrated through test calculations on hydrogen-bonding systems.