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11.
Przemyslaw W. Wachulak Andrzej Bartnik Henryk Fiedorowicz Dalibor Pánek Petr Br??a 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2012,109(1):105-111
Laser-produced plasma sources of short-wavelength radiation offer an interesting alternative to synchrotron and free-electron laser installations. Recently, we reported on a newly developed desktop EUV microscope based on plasma generated from a gas-puff target and diffractive optics. The half-pitch resolution of the microscope approached 50?nm. Compared to analogous microscopes based on synchrotron sources, our system is compact and cost-effective. In this paper, we present the results of imaging experiments on a thin polycrystalline object that was carried out in order to further examine the applicability of the microscope. We have demonstrated here that EUV microscopy can provide structural information that cannot be accessed by conventional optical microscopy or SEM. 相似文献
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In this paper, we study pseudo-Riemannian submanifolds of a pseudo-hyperbolic space \(\mathbb H^{m-1}_s (-1) \subset \mathbb E^m_{s+1}\) with 2-type pseudo-hyperbolic Gauss map. We give a characterization of proper pseudo-Riemannian hypersurfaces in \(\mathbb H^{n+1}_s (-1) \subset \mathbb E^{n+2}_{s+1}\) with non-zero constant mean curvature and 2-type pseudo-hyperbolic Gauss map. For \(n=2\), we prove classification theorems. In addition, we show that the hyperbolic Veronese surface is the only maximal surface fully lying in \(\mathbb H^4_2 (-1) \subset \mathbb H^{m-1}_2 (-1)\) with 2-type pseudo-hyperbolic Gauss map. Moreover, we prove that a flat totally umbilical pseudo-Riemannian hypersurface \(M^n_t\) of the pseudo-hyperbolic space \(\mathbb {H}^{n+1}_t(-1) \subset \mathbb E^{n+2}_{t+1}\) has biharmonic pseudo-hyperbolic Gauss map. 相似文献
13.
Ayta? Gültekin Arzu Ers?z Nalan Y?lmaz Sar??zlü Adil Denizli R?dvan Say 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2010,12(6):2069-2079
Molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) as a recognition element for sensors are increasingly of interest and MIP nanoclusters have started to appear in the literature. In this study, we have proposed a novel thiol ligand-capping method with polymerizable methacryloylamido-cysteine (MAC) attached to gold–silver nanoclusters, reminiscent of a self-assembled monolayer and have reconstructed surface shell by synthetic host polymers based on molecular imprinting method for recognition. In this method, methacryloylamidoantipyrine–terbium ((MAAP)2–Tb(III)) has been used as a new metal-chelating monomer via metal coordination–chelation interactions and dipicolinic acid (DPA) which is main participant of Bacillus cereus spores used as a model. Nanoshell sensors with templates give a cavity that is selective for DPA. The DPA can simultaneously chelate to Tb(III) metal ion and fit into the shape-selective cavity. Thus, the interaction between Tb(III) ion and free coordination spheres has an effect on the binding ability of the gold–silver nanoclusters nanosensor. The binding affinity of the DPA imprinted nanoclusters has been investigated by using the Langmuir and Scatchard methods, and the respective affinity constants (K affinity) determined were found to be 1.43 × 104 and 9.1 × 106 mol L?1. 相似文献
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The paper deals with the numerical treatment of stochastic differential-algebraic equations of index one with a scalar driving
Wiener process. Therefore, a particularly customized stochastic Runge-Kutta method is introduced. Order conditions for convergence
with order 1.0 in the mean-square sense are calculated and coefficients for some schemes are presented. The proposed schemes
are stiffly accurate and applicable to nonlinear stochastic differential-algebraic equations. As an advantage they do not
require the calculation of any pseudo-inverses or projectors. Further, the mean-square stability of the proposed schemes is
analyzed and simulation results are presented bringing out their good performance. 相似文献
16.
Boris?ShapiroEmail author Kouichi?Takemura Milo??Tater 《Communications in Mathematical Physics》2012,311(2):277-300
The well-known Heun equation has the form
ll{Q(z)\frac d2dz2+P(z)\fracddz+V(z)}S(z)=0,\begin{array}{ll}\left\{Q(z)\frac {d^2}{dz^2}+P(z)\frac{d}{dz}+V(z)\right\}S(z)=0,\end{array} 相似文献
17.
In this study, single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were covalently functionalized by terminal ethynyl bearing subphthalocyanine (SubPc) to obtain a new hybrid material, viz. SWCNT‐SubPc (CS), via “click” reaction for the first time. The structural characterization and study of the electrochemical sensor properties of the CS hybrid material to catechin were carried out. A convenient and fast analytical method was offered for the determination of catechin. It was shown that the deposition of CS on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) led to a 2.2 and 8‐fold increase in the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) responses to catechin in Britton‐Robinson (BR) buffer solution (a pH of 3) in comparison with SWCNT‐modified and bare GCE, respectively. The dynamic range, detection and quantification limits of catechin were determined to be 0.1–1.5 μM, 13 nM and 43 nM, respectively. Selectivity of the suggested CS/GCE sensor was investigated on addition of a number of interfering metal ions, antioxidants and biomolecules. The applicability of the modified electrode for the detection of catechin in real tea samples such as green, rosehip fruit, Turkish and Indian black tea was demonstrated with the standard addition method. Along with the ease in fabrication and low prices, the proposed CS/GCE sensor was reproducible, selective, stable and sensitive to catechin in major types of tea samples. 相似文献
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Although there exist a number of methods, such as NMR, X-ray, e.g., which explore the hydration of phospholipid bilayers,
the solvent relaxation (SR) method has the advantage of simple instrumentation, easy data treatment and possibility of measuring
fully hydrated samples. The main information gained from SR by the analysis of recorded “time-resolved emission spectra” (TRES)
is micro-viscosity and micro-polarity of the dye microenvironment. Based on these parameters, one can draw conclusions about
water structure in the bilayer. In this review, we focus on physical background of this method, on all the procedures that
are needed in order to obtain relevant parameters, and on the requirements on the fluorescence dyes. Furthermore, a few recent
applications (the effect of curvature, binding of antibacterial peptides and phase transition) illustrating the versatility
of this method are mentioned. Moreover, limitations and potential problems are discussed. 相似文献
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Karol?Horodecki Micha??HorodeckiEmail author Pawel?Horodecki Jonathan?Oppenheim 《Foundations of Physics》2005,35(12):2027-2040
There are aspects of privacy theory that are analogous to quantum theory. In particular one can define distillable key and
key cost in parallel to distillable entanglement and entanglement cost. We present here classical privacy theory as a particular
case of information theory with adversaries, where similar general laws hold as in entanglement theory. We place the result
of Renner and Wolf—that intrinsic information is lower bound for key cost—into this general formalism. Then we show that the
question of whether intrinsic information is equal to key cost is equivalent to the question of whether Alice and Bob can
create a distribution product with Eve using IM bits of secret key. We also propose a natural analogue of relative entropy of entanglement in privacy theory and show that
it is equal to the intrinsic information. We also provide a formula analogous to the entanglement of formation for classical
distributions.
It is our pleasure to dedicate this paper to Asher Peres on the occasion of his seventieth birthday. 相似文献
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