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31.
H. Kalinowski 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1979,291(1):41-42
A classical friction model with parameters already fixed elsewhere is used to explain the existence of a second deep inelastic contribution in 175 MeV32S on27Al. 相似文献
32.
M.W Kalinowski 《Annals of Physics》1983,148(1):214-253
The nonsymmetric Kaluza-Klein theory unifying Moffat's theory of gravitation, the Yang-Mills' field and the Higgs' fields are constructed in a geometric manner. Spontaneous symmetry breaking, the Higgs' mechanism and mass generation in the theory are discussed. The connection between R+ invariance (dilatation on the space-time) from Moffat's theory of gravitation and U(1)F from GUTs, is proposed within the framework of fermion number conservation. 相似文献
33.
Andrzej Urbańczyk Marek K. Kalinowski 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1990,121(11):879-881
Summary Solvent effects on the electronic absorption spectra of oxovanadium(IV) -diketonates are discussed. It has been found that positions of the long-wave-length bands can be described in terms of the donor-acceptor concept including the donor numbers and the acceptor numbers.
Lösungsmitteleffekte bei den Elektronenspektren von Oxovanadium(IV)--diketonaten. Kommentar zu den Arbeiten von Ebraheem et al. (Kurze Mitt.)
Zusammenfassung Es werden Lösungsmitteleffekte bei den Elektronenspektren von Oxovanadium(IV)--diketonaten diskutiert. Dabei wurde gefunden, daß die Lage der langwelligen Banden auf Basis eines Donor-Akzeptor-Modells unter Berücksichtigung der Donor- und Akzeptor-Nummern beschrieben werden kann.相似文献
34.
M. W. Kalinowski 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》1983,22(5):385-396
We present a new approach to the unification of gravity and non-Abelian gauge fields in the framework of Kaluza-Klein theory. It consists in introducing a new connection on the (n + 4)-dimensional manifoldP (metrized principal fiber bundle). This connection is metrical, but with nonvanishing torsion. An enormous cosmological term in the Einstein equations vanishes due to this connection. The new connection simultaneously cancels Planck's mass term in the Dirac equation for the five-dimensional case. The usual interpretation of geodesic equations is still valid. 相似文献
35.
R. Kalinowski L.T. Baczewski J. Raułuszkiewicz D. Givord A. Liénard C. Meyer 《Czechoslovak Journal of Physics》1997,47(4):415-419
Cr/Tb/Cr thin films have been obtained by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on sapphire
substrates. The crystal structure of the films was characterised in-situ by means of reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and Auger spectroscopy (AS) and ex-situ by X-ray grazing incidence diffraction (GID) and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). The deposition of chromium on the Tb(0001) layers at 300 °C was found to lead to the formation of three Cr(110) crystalline domains. Chromium deposited on Tb(0001) initially (first 50 Å) at room temperature and then at 300 °C grew epitaxially in the [111] direction and formed two Cr(111) crystalline domains shifted by 30°. Due to the lower density of the atoms in Cr(111) plane, compared to the Cr(110) and Cr(001) ones, this orientation is interesting for magnetic studies. 相似文献
36.
Liwo A Khalili M Czaplewski C Kalinowski S Ołdziej S Wachucik K Scheraga HA 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2007,111(1):260-285
We report the modification and parametrization of the united-residue (UNRES) force field for energy-based protein structure prediction and protein folding simulations. We tested the approach on three training proteins separately: 1E0L (beta), 1GAB (alpha), and 1E0G (alpha + beta). Heretofore, the UNRES force field had been designed and parametrized to locate native-like structures of proteins as global minima of their effective potential energy surfaces, which largely neglected the conformational entropy because decoys composed of only lowest-energy conformations were used to optimize the force field. Recently, we developed a mesoscopic dynamics procedure for UNRES and applied it with success to simulate protein folding pathways. However, the force field turned out to be largely biased toward -helical structures in canonical simulations because the conformational entropy had been neglected in the parametrization. We applied the hierarchical optimization method, developed in our earlier work, to optimize the force field; in this method, the conformational space of a training protein is divided into levels, each corresponding to a certain degree of native-likeness. The levels are ordered according to increasing native-likeness; level 0 corresponds to structures with no native-like elements, and the highest level corresponds to the fully native-like structures. The aim of optimization is to achieve the order of the free energies of levels, decreasing as their native-likeness increases. The procedure is iterative, and decoys of the training protein(s) generated with the energy function parameters of the preceding iteration are used to optimize the force field in a current iteration. We applied the multiplexing replica-exchange molecular dynamics (MREMD) method, recently implemented in UNRES, to generate decoys; with this modification, conformational entropy is taken into account. Moreover, we optimized the free-energy gaps between levels at temperatures corresponding to a predominance of folded or unfolded structures, as well as to structures at the putative folding-transition temperature, changing the sign of the gaps at the transition temperature. This enabled us to obtain force fields characterized by a single peak in the heat capacity at the transition temperature. Furthermore, we introduced temperature dependence to the UNRES force field; this is consistent with the fact that it is a free-energy and not a potential energy function. beta 相似文献
37.
Kalinowski K Roedig P Sheng Y Ayoub M Imbrock J Denz C Krolikowski W 《Optics letters》2012,37(11):1832-1834
We study experimentally and theoretically the ?erenkov-type second-harmonic generation in a one-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal. We demonstrate that the power of emitted second-harmonic can be enhanced 270 times by varying the angle of incidence of the fundamental beam such that the reciprocal lattice vector of the crystal can be used to compensate for the phase mismatch in the transverse direction enabling interaction in the nonlinear Bragg diffraction regime. 相似文献
38.
Makal A Benedict J Trzop E Sokolow J Fournier B Chen Y Kalinowski JA Graber T Henning R Coppens P 《The journal of physical chemistry. A》2012,116(13):3359-3365
The excited-state structure of [Cu(I)[(1,10-phenanthroline-N,N') bis(triphenylphosphine)] cations in their crystalline [BF(4)] salt has been determined at both 180 and 90 K by single-pulse time-resolved synchrotron experiments with the modified polychromatic Laue method. The two independent molecules in the crystal show distortions on MLCT excitation that differ in magnitude and direction, a difference attributed to a pronounced difference in the molecular environment of the two complexes. As the excited states differ, the decay of the emission is biexponential with two strongly different lifetimes, the longer lifetime, assigned to the more restricted molecule, becoming more prevalent as the temperature increases. Standard deviations in the current Laue study are very much lower than those achieved in a previous monochromatic study of a Cu(I) 2,9-dimethylphenanthroline substituted complex ( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009 , 131 , 6566 ), but the magnitudes of the shifts on excitation are similar, indicating that lattice restrictions dominate over the steric effect of the methyl substitution. Above all, the study illustrates emphatically that molecules in solids have physical properties different from those of isolated molecules and that their properties depend on the specific molecular environment. This conclusion is relevant for the understanding of the properties of molecular solid-state devices, which are increasingly used in current technology. 相似文献
39.
40.
M. Campos E. M. Cavalcante J. Kalinowski 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1996,34(4):623-629
The conductivity of poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS) amorphous samples sandwiched between metallic electrodes has been studied as a function of applied voltage, temperature, and electrode material. The voltage (U) dependence of the currents for electric fields within the range 103–106 V/cm exhibits exp βU1/2 behavior with β = βSchottky below the glass transition temperature (Tg ≊ 90°C), and β = βPoole-Frenkel above Tg. Coordinated temperature measurements of dc currents with different metallic contacts and thermally stimulated currents (TSC) indicate, however, that the conductivity at T < Tg is consistent with the so-called “anomalous” Poole-Frenkel effect rather than the Schottky effect. Consequently, the p-type conductivity in amorphous PPS is proposed to be a bulk-limited process due to ionization of two different types of acceptor centers in the presence of neutral hole traps. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献