Potential Applications of Cucurbit[n]urils and Their Derivatives in the Capture of Hazardous Chemicals

Cucurbit[n]urils (Q[n]s) are a relatively young family of macrocycles, consisting of glycoluril units bridged by methylene groups, and their unique structures have attracted extensive attention from chemists in recent decades. Due to the presence of a rigid hydrophobic inner cavity and two polar outer portals lined with carbonyl groups, Q[n]s not only encapsulate guest species into the cavity, but also coordinate with metal ions/clusters. Considerable achievements have been obtained in the fields of Q[n]s-based host–guest chemistry, coordination chemistry, as well as the combination of host–guest and coordination chemistry. Furthermore, the outer surface of Q[n]s has been demonstrated to be capable of interacting with definite species to generate supramolecular architectures in recent years. With more in-depth research into Q[n]s, their application studies have also emerged as a hot topic. This Minireview focuses on recent advances in the potential applications of solid-state materials based on Q[n]s and their derivatives for the capture and adsorption of hazardous chemicals from a solution or a gas mixture.     

对数似然图像分割的快速主动轮廓跟踪算法

针对跟踪目标尺度变化问题,提出了基于灰度对数似然图像分割的快速主动轮廓跟踪算法。改进的主动轮廓跟踪算法将根据以目标与背景的颜色差异而建立的对数似然图对图像进行阈值分割和数学形态学处理,再将Kalman滤波器结合到主动轮廓跟踪算法进行目标跟踪。改进的主动轮廓跟踪算法对目标分割准确,轮廓特征显著,跟踪效果稳定,算法能很好地适应跟踪目标尺度变化。通过Kalman滤波器对目标位置点的预测减少了主动轮廓跟踪算法收敛的迭代次数,使算法的运算效率提高了33%左右。     

宽动态范围的双正交磁光电流传感器技术

提出了一种新的双正交磁光电流传感器技术,该技术可解决传统磁光电流传感器测量大电流脉冲时仅根据正弦或余弦信号无法唯一确定法拉第偏转角的技术难题。在该传感器中,起偏器的透光轴与两个偏振分束器的S分量偏振方向有0与45的夹角,四路输出信号两两之间有/2的相位差。针对该传感器,提出了大电流脉冲的一种反正切函数数据处理方法,该数据处理方法具有可避开正弦函数的不灵敏区间,从而提高数据处理精度的优点。采用双正交磁光电流传感器与罗果夫斯基线圈对比测量了FP-1装置的短路电流脉冲,两种测试技术的实验结果能很好地吻合,证实该光学电流传感器可有效地测量大电流脉冲。

     

适用于Linux系统的高效可并行电磁PIC计算技术

为了能够使大型机和高性能集群得到更好的加速比和并行计算效率,在深入研究并行和FDTD-PIC算法的基础上,在CHIPIC软件平台上开发了Linux系统下的大型全三维可并行电磁PIC代码。分别以一个磁绝缘线振荡器、回旋管和相对论速调管为例进行测试和计算,得到了3.70,6.72和6.00的加速比,验证了在同等的进程数下,高性能集群能够得到比PC机群高得多的加速比和计算效率,能够更好地利用计算资源。     

在两层不同爆速炸药滑移爆轰作用下飞板运动的数值计算研究

本文研究用低爆速炸药复盖高爆速炸药在定滑移爆轰作用下飞板运动的计算方法,并对惯性复盖与炸药复盖的结果作出相互比较。     

光热协同催化去除挥发性有机化合物和CO的研究进展

随着社会和经济的快速发展,环境污染和能源短缺等问题,尤其是空气污染,已经影响了人类的可持续发展.挥发性有机化合物(VOCs),如苯、甲苯、甲醛和丙酮是主要的空气污染物,它们主要来源于油漆、有机化学品、石油化工产品、药物和工业生产过程.大多VOCs具有特殊的气味,而且具有一定的毒性、致畸性和致癌作用,尤其是苯、甲苯和甲醛...     

DMAO-activated Rare-earth Metal Catalysts for Styrene and Its Derivative Polymerization

The catalytic performance of rare-earth metal dialkyl complexes in combination with DMAO(dry methylaluminoxane) is explored.In the presence of 60 equivalents of DMAO,the half-sandwich complex(C₁₃H₈ CH₂ Ph)Sc(CH₂ SiMe₃)₂(THF)(1) is inert for styrene polymerization,but(C₅ Me₄ Ph)Sc(CH₂ C₆ H₄ NMe₂-o)₂(2) converts 18% styrene into syndiotactic polystyrene.Und...     

Positively charged liposomes consisting of the KTTKS pentapeptide conjugated with rhodamine increase rhodamine toxicity in E. coli and zebrafish embryo

Liposomes composed of cell‐penetrating peptide derivatives increased transport across the cell membrane. Conjugating rhodamine to a cell‐penetrating peptide increased the toxicity of rhodamine in E. coli and zebrafish embryos. A similar total protein inhibition pattern with different intensities, indicating that the interaction pathways of the rho‐KTTKS‐CONH₂ monomer and liposomes were the same. It suggests that the rho‐KTTKS‐CONH₂ liposomes showed higher toxicity because better transport across the cell membrane increased the effective concentration inside cells. The staining of zebrafish embryos using rho‐KTTKS‐CONH₂ liposomes showed a longer retention time, suggesting that it can penetrate deeper tissues or organs in zebrafish.     

限域化学：碳基功能材料从基础研究到应用

限域化学研究的是对象在纳米尺度限域空间内的化学行为。限域空间内的化学环境不同于常规本体溶液,因而会出现许多奇特的现象,如反应选择性增强、活性增加、稳定性提高。本文结合笔者课题组近年来的工作,对限域化学领域碳基功能材料的限域策略,包括限域界面诱导、限域化学组装印刷及三维多孔受限体系作简要介绍,并阐述了其在催化、储能方面的应用。最后提出了限域化学未来发展面临的主要挑战,期望能为此领域研究提供参考。     

Preparation and physicochemical properties of konjac glucomannan ibuprofen ester as a polysaccharide-drug conjugate

Abstract

A novel drug-polysaccharide conjugate with konjac glucomannan (KGM) as a drug carrier was fabricated through the esterification of ibuprofen (IBU), an anti-inflammatory drug, with KGM. The influences of the reaction conditions, such as the amount of ibuprofen acryl chloride, reaction time, reaction temperature, and the amount of catalyst, on the degree of substitution were investigated. KGM ibuprofen ester (KGM-IBU) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), solid-state ¹³C NMR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The hydrophobic structure of IBU in KGM-IBU was proven by the fluorescence emission spectra of pyrene. In addition, by using commercially available ibuprofen sustained-release capsules (IBU-SRC) as a control, the in vitro controlled release performance of KGM-IBU was evaluated. The cumulative release of IBU-SRC within 36?h was 94%, while that of KGM-IBU within 36?h was 77%. The results showed that KGM-IBU had better sustained-release performance without a burst release effect. The obtained products could be used as a potential biocompatible sustained-release drug delivery system.