NFZ-10工业辐照电子直线加速器

研制的电子直线加速器ＮＦＺ－１０的辐照加工能力相当于３０ＰＢｑ的６０Ｃｏ源，电子束能量为４～１２ＭｅＶ，平均束功率为３ｋＷ，扫描宽度为１ｍ，能量不稳定度≤±０．５％，束流不稳定度≤±０．６％，扫描不均匀度≤±２．５％。ＮＦＺ－１０加速器已被用于辐照各种电力半导体器件，一年多来运行稳定可靠并获得较好的经济效益。     

影响单摆实验的因素及改进方法

用单摆测定当地的重力加速度和单摆振动定律的验证,很容易做.下面谈谈影响单摆实验的几个因素及其解决方法.1 用单摆测定当地重力加速度 可见,g的测定主要取决于l和T.因此,为了提高实验的精度,在测量过程中必须注意以下几个方面.     

Excess partial molar enthalpies,entropies, Gibbs energies,and volumes in aqueous dimethylsulfoxide

The excess partial molar enthalpies, the vapor pressures, and the densities of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)–H₂O mixtures were measured and the excess partial molar Gibbs energies and the partial molar volumes were calculated for DMSO and for H₂O. The values of the excess partial molar Gibbs energies for both DMSO and H₂O are negative over the entire composition range. The results for the water-rich region indicated that the presence of DMSO enhances the hydrogen bond network of H₂O. Unlike monohydric alcohols, however, the solute-solute interaction is repulsive in terms of the Gibbs energy. This was a result of the fact that the repulsion among solutes in terms of enthalpy surpassed the attraction in terms of entropy. The data in the DMSO-rich region suggest that DMSO molecules form clusters which protect H₂O molecules from exposure to the nonpolar alkyl groups of DMSO.     

Synthesis and characterization of an intermediary of new heat-resistant energetic materials

<正>Nitration of 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid(BPDC) was studied and an aromatic carboxylic acid containing two nitro groups was synthesized and characterized through elemental analysis and IR spectra.Crystal structure of DNBPDC(DNBPDC=2,2'- dinitro-4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid) was determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction and the thermal decomposition was carried out through DSC and TG-DTG analyses.     

Carcinogenic Chromium(VI) Compounds Formed by Intracellular Oxidation of Chromium(III) Dietary Supplements by Adipocytes

Chromium(III) nutritional supplements are widely consumed for their purported antidiabetic activities. X‐ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) studies have now shown that non‐toxic doses of [Cr₃O(OCOEt)₆(OH₂)₃]⁺ ( A ), a prospective antidiabetic drug that undergoes similar H₂O₂ induced oxidation reactions in the blood as other Cr supplements, was also oxidized to carcinogenic Cr^VI and Cr^V in living cells. Single adipocytes treated with A had approximately 1 μm large Cr hotspots containing Cr^III, Cr^V, and Cr^VI (primarily Cr^VI thiolates) species. These results strongly support the hypothesis that the antidiabetic activity of Cr^III and the carcinogenicity of Cr^VI compounds arise from similar mechanisms involving highly reactive Cr^VI and Cr^V intermediates, and highlight concerns over the safety of Cr^III nutritional supplements.     

Event-triggered robust adaptive control for uncertain nonlinear systems preceded by actuator dead-zone

It is both theoretically and practically important to investigate the problem of event-triggered adaptive tracking control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems subject to actuator dead-zone, which aims at reducing communication rate and compensating actuator nonlinearity simultaneously. In this paper, to handle such a problem, an event-trigger based adaptive compensation scheme is proposed for the system preceded by actuator dead-zone. The challenges of this work can be roughly classified into two categories: how to compensate the nonsmooth dead-zone nonlinearity and how to eliminate the quantization signal effects caused by event-triggered strategy. To resolve the first challenge, a new decomposition of dead-zone mathematical model is employed so that dead-zone nonlinearity can be successively compensated by using robust approach. In addition, an adaptive controller and its triggering event are co-designed based on the relative threshold strategy, such that an asymptotic tracking performance can be ensured. The proposed scheme is proved to guarantee the globally bounded of all closed-loop signals and the asymptotic convergence performance of tracking error toward zero. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed control scheme.     

Reactions of 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐1,5‐benzodiazepines and chloroacetyl chlorides: Synthesis of 2a,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐azeto [1,2‐a][1,5] benzodiazepin‐1(2H)‐ones

2a,4‐Disubstituted 5‐benzoyl‐2‐chloro/2,2‐dichloro‐2a,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐azeto [1,2‐a] [1,5]benzodiazepin‐1 (2H)‐ones ( 3a–h ) were synthesized by cycloaddition reactions of 2,4‐disubstituted 1‐benzoyl‐2,3‐dihydr o‐1H‐1,5‐benzodiazepines ( 2a–h ) and ketenes, generated from chloroacetyl chloride or dichloroacetyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine, in anhydrous benzene. In some cases, ring contraction of benzodiazepines has also been observed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:636–640, 2001     

铂、铑N-杂环卡宾配合物在硅氢加成反应中的应用*

铂和铑的卡宾金属配合物作为催化剂应用于各种不饱和化合物的硅氢加成反应,表现出非常优良的催化性能和稳定的物理、化学性质,受到了化学工作者的广泛关注。本文对铂、铑N-杂环卡宾金属化合物作为催化剂在催化酮、炔烃、烯烃以及其它不饱和化合物硅氢加成反应中的应用作了介绍,并分析了该类催化剂在有机硅化学领域的应用前景。     

140GHz大功率交错双栅行波管的设计和模拟研究

采用交错双栅结构,结合带状电子注,研究了一种工作在140 GHz频段的大功率行波管. 本振模数值计算表明该结构具有良好的色散特性和耦合阻抗.针对所采用的慢波结构, 提出了慢波过渡结构、输入输出耦合器和集中衰减器,保证了行波管的良好工作. 利用三维大信号模拟计算的方法得到的结果显示,当电子注直流功率为5.115 kW,输入信号功率为0.1 W时, 所研究的行波管能在132-152 GHz范围内提供大于300 W的峰值功率,其中在138 GHz时得到最大功率546 W, 对应增益为37.37 dB.当在0.027-0.46 W内调节输入信号功率,可以保持该行波管在128-152 GHz 频带内得到大于440 W的峰值功率,对应的电子效率大于8.6%. 结果显示该行波管将在大功率短毫米波领域具有重要意义和潜在应用价值.