Role of Bulk Vaporization in the Dynamics of Laser-Induced Erosion Plumes of Metals

In different regimes of exposure of metals to pulsed laser radiation, we show the role played by the liquid-drop phase formed from the target material in a laser-induced erosion plume due to bulk vaporization, in the dynamics of this plume. For some metals, the ranges of power densities of the acting laser radiation, at which the condensed-phase particles influence the passage of laser radiation to the target surface, have been determined experimentally. The mechanism of realization of a low-threshold breakdown has been revealed.     

Effect of Conditions of Electric-Spark Dispersion of Zinc on the Quality of the Product Obtained

Influence exerted by additives introduced into the working solution, by iron or copper formedin electric-spark dispersion of these metals and zinc, on the quality of the products obtained in electric erosionwas studied.     

Banana-shaped mesogens: a new homologous series of compounds exhibiting the B7 mesophase

The synthesis and characterization of a new homologous series of compounds, the 2-cyano-1,3-phenylene bis[4-(4-n-alkoxyphenyliminomethyl)benzoates] derived from 2-cyanoresorcinol is reported. All the compounds are enantiotropic mesogens and exhibit the fascinating B₇ mesophase. The characterization of the mesophase was performed using polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and electro-optical studies.     

Magnetic-Zenith Effect

We develop a theory of the magnetic-zenith effect (MZE) observed upon the ionosphere modification by powerful radio waves. The dependences of MZE on main parameters, such as the magnetic-field inclination angle, pump-wave frequency and power, and angular width of HF beam are obtained. The optimal elevation angle of pump-wave beam is predicted. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 48, No. 9, pp. 772–787, September 2005.     

达草灭对莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) 品系遗传后效应的研究

通过将莱菌衣藻（Chlamydomonas reinhardtii）6种达草灭抗性突变株分别与野生型株、丧失合成叶绿素b能力的cbnI-43等基因突变株和精氨酸依赖型突变株杂交对其后代进行四分析与随机分析，发现在Nfr-4-Nfr-7突变株中达草灭抗性状只有单一核基因遗传的性质，而在Nfr-1、Nfr-3～Nfr-7抗性株的抗性性状都是由同一个nfr-1基因（norflurazon resisanse）的突变所决定的，而Nfr-4抗性株的抗性性状是由另一滚突变等位基因nfr-2所决定的。在Nfr-1和Nfr-3抗性株中除了nfr-1基因的突变还有nfr-3基因突变的参与。     

Fourier-Feynman transform, convolution and first variation

We examine several interesting relationships and expressions involving Fourier-Feynman transform, convolution product and first variation for functionals in the Fresnel class F(B) of an abstract Wiener space B. We also prove a translation theorem and Parseval's identity for the analytic Feynman integral. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Negative luminescence in semiconductors: a retrospective view

Twenty-five years ago, we introduced the phenomenon of negative luminescence (NL) into semiconductor physics. This paper provides an overview of work conducted to develop this fundamental concept. Initially, we consider the first-principle approach to radiation interaction with basic matter and the major properties of NL. Then we describe the problems of NL direct measurements in homogeneous materials and structures. Finally, we emphasize the use of NL approach in applications involving devices for infrared (IR) wavelength (3–12 μm) high-temperature (300–400 K) optoelectronics. Our subjects will include NL IR emitting diodes, radiative coolers, IR dynamic scene simulators, light up-conversion devices, and the Stealth effect in IR.     

Strangeness saturation: Dependence on system-size, centrality and energy

The dependence of the strangeness saturation factor on the system size, centrality and energy is studied in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.