全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1029篇 |
免费 | 20篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 652篇 |
晶体学 | 13篇 |
力学 | 51篇 |
数学 | 35篇 |
物理学 | 299篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 9篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 5篇 |
2017年 | 9篇 |
2016年 | 15篇 |
2015年 | 11篇 |
2014年 | 14篇 |
2013年 | 58篇 |
2012年 | 50篇 |
2011年 | 46篇 |
2010年 | 34篇 |
2009年 | 30篇 |
2008年 | 44篇 |
2007年 | 41篇 |
2006年 | 43篇 |
2005年 | 37篇 |
2004年 | 43篇 |
2003年 | 42篇 |
2002年 | 31篇 |
2001年 | 27篇 |
2000年 | 27篇 |
1999年 | 20篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 14篇 |
1994年 | 18篇 |
1993年 | 26篇 |
1992年 | 24篇 |
1991年 | 23篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1988年 | 18篇 |
1987年 | 13篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 18篇 |
1984年 | 32篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 16篇 |
1981年 | 15篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 12篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 9篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
1970年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有1050条查询结果,搜索用时 7 毫秒
51.
Nobuyuki Ichinose Masahide Hagiri Jun-ichiro Kinugasa Nobuyuki Shichi Toshihiro Nakayama 《Research on Chemical Intermediates》2013,39(1):425-435
A charge-transfer (CT) complex of NOBF4 and hexamethoxybenzene (HMB), which gives out HMB?+ as a “fluorescent radical cation probe,” upon one-electron oxidation, has been designed to explore the excited state dynamics of contact radical ion pairs by laser-induced fluorescence and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopic techniques. The acetonitrile solution of the CT complex showed weak fluorescence with a similar spectrum to that observed for free excited HMB radical cation (HMB?+*), suggesting the formation of HMB?+* upon the one-photonic excitation of the CT complex. The laser-power dependence of the fluorescence intensity supported the one-photonic excitation event. We have also observed a short-lived transient species but no long-lived species by femtosecond laser flash photolysis of the CT complex. The lifetime (6.5 ps) was in good accordance with its fluorescence quantum yield (2.5 × 10?5) and was able to assign the transient species to the fluorescent state, an excited radical ion pair [HMB ?+*/NO?]. All the events were completed within the inner sphere and the short lifetime of the transient species could be attributed to rapid back-electron transfer. It is concluded that the excited radical cation character in the excited state of the CT complex originates from the radical ion character in the CT complex in the ground state and that a relatively long lifetime of HMB?+* facilitates its observation even in the contact ion pair. 相似文献
52.
Treatment of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,5-diphenyl-6,7-dithiabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane 6-endo-oxide ( 2 ) with Montmorillonitc K 10 in dichloromethane gave 2,2,-4,4-tetramethyl-1,5-diphenyl-7,8-dithia-6-oxabicyclo-[3.2.1]octane ( 6 ) (11%) with recovery of 2 (87%). Under similar reaction conditions, the 6-exo-oxide 7 and the sulfenate 6 gave a mixture of 6 (21%), 2 (67%), and 7 (9%) and a mixture of 2 (89%) and 6 (9%), respectively. These results indicate the relative thermodynamic stabilities of the three compounds to be 2 > 6 > 7 . PM3 calculations on these compounds showed the heats of formation (kcal/mol) to be in the following order: 6 (44.12783), 2 (57.46721), and 7 (59.37918). The driving force of this unusual 1,2-rearrangement of 2 and 7 to 6 would be the release of the ring strain of the bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane system of 2 and 7 by ring expansion. 相似文献
53.
We introduce a quantum key distribution protocol using mean multi-kings’ problem. Using this protocol, a sender can share a bit sequence as a secret key with receivers. We consider a relation between information gain by an eavesdropper and disturbance contained in legitimate users’ information. In BB84 protocol, such relation is known as the so-called information disturbance theorem. We focus on a setting that the sender and two receivers try to share bit sequences and the eavesdropper tries to extract information by interacting legitimate users’ systems and an ancilla system. We derive trade-off inequalities between distinguishability of quantum states corresponding to the bit sequence for the eavesdropper and error probability of the bit sequence shared with the legitimate users. Our inequalities show that eavesdropper’s extracting information regarding the secret keys inevitably induces disturbing the states and increasing the error probability. 相似文献
54.
55.
56.
Koutaro Shiraishi Hironobu Koseki Toshiyuki Tsurumoto Koumei Baba Mariko Naito Koji Nakayama Hiroyuki Shindo 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2009,41(1):17-22
Photocatalysis with anatase Titanium dioxide (TiO2) under ultraviolet A (UVA) has a well recognized bactericidal effect. There have been a few reports, however, on the effects of photocatalysis on bio‐implant‐related infections. The purpose of present study was to evaluate the photocatalytic bactericidal effects of anatase TiO2 on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) associated with surgical site infections. TiO2 films were synthesized on commercially pure titanium substrates and SUS316 stainless steel using a plasma source ion implantation method followed by annealing. The chemical composition of the surface layers was determined using GXRD and XPS. The disks were seeded with cultured S. aureus and exposed to UVA illumination from black light. The bactericidal effect of the TiO2 films was evaluated by counting the survived colonies statistically. A structural gradient anatase type TiO2 layer formed on all substrates. The viability of the bacteria on the photocatalytic TiO2 film coated on titanium was suppressed to 7.0% at 30 minutes and 5.5% at 45 minutes, whereas that on a similarly coated stainless steel was suppressed to 45.8% at 30 minute and 28.6% at 45 minutes (ANOVA: p < 0.05). Complete bacterial inactivation was achieved after 90 minutes on titanium and after 60 minutes on stainless steel. The photocatalytic bactericidal effect of TiO2 is useful for sterilizing the contaminated surfaces of bioimplants. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
57.
Hironao Nakayama Masako Nakahara Erina Matsugi Midori Soda Tomoka Hattori Koki Hara Ayuki Usami Chiaki Kusumoto Shigeki Higashiyama Kiyoyuki Kitaichi 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(1)
Ferulic Acid (FA) is a highly abundant phenolic phytochemical which is present in plant tissues. FA has biological effects on physiological and pathological processes due to its anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative properties, however, the detailed mechanism(s) of function is poorly understood. We have identified FA as a molecule that inhibits apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or actinomycin D (ActD) in rat pheochromocytoma, PC12 cell. We also found that FA reduces H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in PC12 cell, thereby acting as an anti-oxidant. Then, we analyzed FA-mediated signaling responses in rat pheochromocytoma, PC12 cells using antibody arrays for phosphokinase and apoptosis related proteins. This FA signaling pathway in PC12 cells includes inactivation of pro-apoptotic proteins, SMAC/Diablo and Bad. In addition, FA attenuates the cell injury by H2O2 through the inhibition of phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Importantly, we find that FA restores expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a key neuroprotective effector, in H2O2-treated PC12 cells. As a possible mechanism, FA increases BDNF by regulating microRNA-10b expression following H2O2 stimulation. Taken together, FA has broad biological effects as a neuroprotective modulator to regulate the expression of phosphokinases, apoptosis-related proteins and microRNAs against oxidative stress in PC12 cells. 相似文献
58.
Masahiro Yamashita Daisuke Kawakami Satoshi Matsunaga Yoshio Nakayama Mari Sasaki Shinya Takaishi Fumiyasu Iwahori Hitoshi Miyasaka Ken‐ichi Sugiura Yoshiki Wada Hiroshi Miyamae Hiroyuki Matsuzaki Hiroshi Okamoto Hisaaki Tanaka Kazuhiro Marumoto Shin‐ichi Kuroda 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2004,116(36):4867-4871
59.
M. Nakayama R. Fujiyoshi S. Sawamura 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1999,242(2):533-536
Uptake of manganese(II) and zinc(II) by chlorophylla (Chl) was investigated using a radiotracer technique in order to elucidate
its ability of scavenging metals released into the soil environment. Two possibilities were considered for the metal uptake:
(1) substitutional complexation with Chl and (2) inclusion of the metals into Chl aggregates. It was found that manganese(II)
was not trapped appreciably by both Chl itself and its aggregates. Magnesium of Chl was exchanged with zinc(II) in aqueous
phase giving Zn−Chl at pH values higher than 7. Zinc(II) was found to be trapped by Chl aggregates depending on the pH of
the aqueous phase. 相似文献
60.
We study reflection diffuse optical tomography using two-dimensional (2D) continuous-wave source-detector arrays on the surface
of semi-infinite medium, aiming at imaging the perfusion and the hemoglobin oxygen saturation variation of human cerebral
cortex with brain activation. We had previously formulated the inverse problem with Moore-Penrose inversion. When we use simple
regularization in this inverse problem, the reconstruction sensitivity decreases markedly with the depth so that the signal
in the deep range may be masked by an unwanted signal in the shallow range. In this paper, we propose a depth-adaptive regularized
reconstruction, in which we assign a smaller regularization parameter with the depth. We demonstrate improvement of the three-dimensional
(3D) reconstruction uniformity using the proposed scheme. 相似文献