应变硬化水泥基复合材料(SHCC)本构关系逆向分析研究

水泥基复合材料的高脆性是导致其性能退化和结构不耐久的主要原因之一.脆性的直观表现为应力-应变曲线具有明显的软化段.添加高模量聚乙烯醇纤维的水泥基材料的韧性性能可得到显著改善,受拉破坏和受弯破坏时呈现出应变硬化和多微缝开裂特征,导致其本构关系异于普通水泥基材料.通过直拉试验可直接得到σ-ε曲线,但该试验技术上难于实现而且造价高、耗时长.四点弯曲试验易于实现但需要将力-变形曲线转换成σ-ε曲线.本文通过CONHARD软件,采用逆向分析法,模拟变形和裂缝开展,反复迭代以求得试验曲线与数值计算结果的最佳拟合.该方法以弹性宏单元模型预处理未裂区域,以多层单元模型模拟裂缝扩展区域,假定初始σ-ε曲线,通过进化运算法则进行迭代和修正,最终可获得多线性应力应变曲线.数值计算结果与试验曲线吻合较好.     

SYMPLECTIC STRUCTURE OF POISSON SYSTEM

When the Poisson matrix of Poisson system is non-constant, classical symplectic methods, such as symplectic Runge-Kutta method, generating function method, cannot preserve the Poisson structure. The non-constant Poisson structure was transformed into the symplectic structure by the nonlinear transform.Arbitrary order symplectic method was applied to the transformed Poisson system. The Euler equation of the free rigid body problem was transformed into the symplectic structure and computed by the midpoint scheme. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the nonlinear transform.     

水和水蒸汽热力学物性参数及导数的计算与应用

本文针对现代换热设备设计、两相流动与传热研究的需要,介绍了可供科研使用的水和水蒸汽物性计算方法,完善了计算程序。根据超临界锅炉设计中的超临界水的物性计算,两相流研究和换热设备动态特性研究中对物性导数计算的需要,提供了两个算例,并进行了定性分析。     

A 3D LIF system for turbulent buoyant jet flows

A Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) system for mapping the three dimensional tracer concentration field in turbulent flows is described. The system is particularly suited to studies of single or multiple buoyant jets discharged into unstratified and stratified flowing environments for conditions typical of wastewater discharges into surface water bodies. A laser beam is scanned through the flow and LIF images are obtained in parallel planes with a high-speed synchronized CCD camera. Refractive index matching is used to minimize refractive index variations due to local density gradients. An application to vertical round buoyant jets discharging into unstratified and stratified cross flows is presented. The three-dimensional system can obtain vastly more data than is possible with probe-based techniques and can yield far more insight into the flow and mixing processes.Abbreviations a Combined attenuation coefficient, cm^-1 - a_w Attenuation coefficient for fresh water, cm^-1 - B Buoyancy flux of buoyant jet, cm⁴/s³ - c Tracer concentration, g/l - C _salt, C _eth Salt and ethanol concentrations, g/l - d Port diameter, cm - g Acceleration due to gravity, cm/s² - Modified acceleration due to gravity at source, cm/s² - Q Volume flux of buoyant jet, cm³/s - I Image gray scale level, DN - l _a,l _Q , l _M , l _s, l _t Buoyant jet length scales, cm (Eq. 8) - L _y Distance from camera to image plane, cm - M Momentum flux of buoyant jet, cm⁴/s² - M _y Image scale factor - N Buoyancy frequency, s^-1 - u _a Ambient flow velocity, cm/s - u _j Jet exit velocity, cm/s - P Laser power, W - S ₀ Lowest dilution on the vertical center-plane through the nozzle - S _m Minimum dilution: lowest dilution in a vertical plane perpendicular to the flow - x, y, z Coordinates, cm - z _m Maximum rise height of buoyant jets, cm - z _e Equilibrium rise height of buoyant jets, cm - Image calibration constant - ₀ Effluent density, g/cm³ - _a Ambient density, g/cm³     

复杂载荷作用下圆柱壳的弹塑性动力屈曲研究

对复杂载荷作用下圆柱壳的弹塑性动力屈曲问题进行了研究。基于Hamilton变分原理导出圆柱壳的运动方程 ,本构关系采用增量理论 ,借助增量数值算法求解动力方程组。结果表明 ,均匀径向外压对圆柱壳的轴向冲击的过程或冲击性态有较大的影响 ,并讨论了径向压力与轴向冲击载荷的幅值对结构临界动力屈曲载荷和临界动力失效载荷的影响。     

AFM稳定性研究

“突跳”现象严重影响着原子力显微镜(AFM)的性能。根据W igner-Seitz模型微观连续介质理论,建立了AFM针尖同试样面接触力包含斥力的数学模型;由分析力学的稳定平衡条件,发现了引起AFM“突跳”的本质是不稳定平衡点的存在;通过增加AFM悬臂梁刚度,提出了一种避免AFM“突跳”现象发生的方法,并给出仿真结果。     

Heat transfer and pressure drop of a transversely finned concentric annulus with longitudinal flow

The characteristics of heat transfer and pressure drop have been experimentally studied for the fully developed concentric annular flow with transverse fins normal to the flow direction by the naphthalene sublimation technique. Correlations for calculating the heat transfer coefficient with different inner diametersD ₀ of the outer tube are presented. A characteristic Reynolds number has been proposed, by which the predominant role of the transverse fins can be evaluated. It has been indicated that the inner diameterD ₀ has much more effect on pressure drop than on heat transfer. The effect ofD ₀ on the overall performance is also compared under the same flow velocity or flow rate. It has been found that the effect of developing flow on heat transfer is significant and should be taken into account during experiment.

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Wärmeübergang und Druckverlust in einem querberippten konzentrischen Ringkanal bei Längsströmung

Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe der Naphthalin-Sublimationstechnik werden die Wärmeübergangs- und Druckverlustcharakteristiken in quer zur voll ausgebildeten Strömung bei berippten Ringkanälen experimentell ermittelt und Korrelationen zur Berechnung des Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten bei variablen InnendurchmesserD ₀ des umschließenden Rohres angegeben. Ferner wird eine charakteristische Reynolds-Zahl vorgeschlagen, über die sich der dominierende Einfluß der Querrippen erfassen läßt. Es zeigte sich, daß der InnendurchmesserD ₀ den Druckverlust wesentlich mehr beeinflußt als den Wärmeübergang. Auch wurde die Abhängigkeit des Gesamt-Übertragungsverhaltens vonD ₀ bei gleicher Strömungsgeschwindigkeit bzw. Volumenstromdichte ermittelt. Es zeigte sich, daß die Ausbildung des Strömungsprofils bei Einlaufströmung den Wärmeübergang signifikant beeinflußt und deshalb im Experiment zu berücksichtigen ist.

     

Diaminodiacid Bridges to Improve Folding and Tune the Bioactivity of Disulfide‐Rich Peptides

Disulfide‐rich peptides containing three or more disulfide bonds are promising therapeutic and diagnostic agents, but their preparation is often limited by the tedious and low‐yielding folding process. We found that a single cystine‐to‐diaminodiacid replacement could significantly increase the folding efficiency of disulfide‐rich peptides and thus improve their production yields. The practicality of this strategy was demonstrated by the synthesis and folding of derivatives of the μ‐conotoxin SIIIA, the preclinical hormone hepcidin, and the trypsin inhibitor EETI‐II. NMR and X‐ray crystallography studies confirmed that these derivatives of disulfide‐rich peptide retained the correct three‐dimensional conformations. Moreover, the cystine‐to‐diaminodiacid replacement enabled structural tuning, thereby leading to an EETI‐II derivative with higher bioactivity than the native peptide.     

Far‐Red and Near‐IR AIE‐Active Fluorescent Organic Nanoprobes with Enhanced Tumor‐Targeting Efficacy: Shape‐Specific Effects

The rational design of high‐performance fluorescent materials for cancer targeting in vivo is still challenging. A unique molecular design strategy is presented that involves tailoring aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active organic molecules to realize preferable far‐red and NIR fluorescence, well‐controlled morphology (from rod‐like to spherical), and also tumor‐targeted bioimaging. The shape‐tailored organic quinoline–malononitrile (QM) nanoprobes are biocompatible and highly desirable for cell‐tracking applications. Impressively, the spherical shape of QM‐5 nanoaggregates exhibits excellent tumor‐targeted bioimaging performance after intravenously injection into mice, but not the rod‐like aggregates of QM‐2.     

Fluorescent In Situ Targeting Probes for Rapid Imaging of Ovarian‐Cancer‐Specific γ‐Glutamyltranspeptidase

γ‐Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is a tumor biomarker that selectively catalyzes the cleavage of glutamate overexpressed on the plasma membrane of tumor cells. Here, we developed two novel fluorescent in situ targeting (FIST) probes that specifically target GGT in tumor cells, which comprise 1) a GGT‐specific substrate unit (GSH), and 2) a boron–dipyrromethene (BODIPY) moiety for fluorescent signalling. In the presence of GGT, sulfur‐substituted BODIPY was converted to amino‐substituted BODIPY, resulting in dramatic fluorescence variations. By exploiting this enzyme‐triggered photophysical property, we employed these FIST probes to monitor the GGT activity in living cells, which showed remarkable differentiation between ovarian cancer cells and normal cells. These probes represent two first‐generation chemodosimeters featuring enzyme‐mediated rapid, irreversible aromatic hydrocarbon transfer between the sulfur and nitrogen atoms accompanied by switching of photophysical properties.