灰气体加权和辐射模型综合评估及分析

在O_2/CO_2气氛下,参与性介质的非灰气体辐射特性表现出不同于空气气氛下的特性,因此,非灰气体辐射模型的选择和应用在换热过程中将变得十分重要.基于统计窄谱带模型,本文综合评估近年发展应用较广的灰气体加权和(WSGG)模型.结果表明,几种WSGG模型的预测值总体趋势正确,但仍存在着一定的差别.对于发射率,Dorigon等(2013 Int.J.Heat Mass Transfer 64 863)和Bordbar等(2014 Combust.Flame 161 2435)的WSGG模型与基准模型符合较好,相对误差小于20%.与离散坐标法结合,本文求解了PH_2O/PCO_2=1,2时的一维平行平板间辐射换热问题.结果显示,由Dorigon等和Bordbar等的WSGG模型得到的辐射热源和热流密度分布的相对误差均较小(10%左右).Johansson等(2011 Combust.Flame 158893)和Bordbar等的WSGG模型具有更广的适用范围.     

Physicochemical properties of nanoparticles affect translocation across pulmonary surfactant monolayer

Interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and pulmonary surfactant monolayer is one of the most important parts in NP-based pulmonary drug delivery system, which can affect the result of the inhaled nano-drugs and their potential efficacy. Here, we show how surface charge of NPs affects translocation across pulmonary surfactant monolayer with coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. The results reveal that the surface charge position of NPs can determine the fate of the inhaled NPs about whether they can have the ability of translocation across the pulmonary surfactant monolayer, which is that NPs with face surface charge can penetrate the pulmonary surfactant monolayer and NPs with edge surface charge cannot. Besides, dynamic process, phase state and the potential of mean force profiles further confirm this result. Moreover, compared to anionic NPs, there is a greater chance for cationic NPs to be adsorbed on the surface of the pulmonary surfactant monolayer, which can further decrease the thickness of the pulmonary surfactant monolayer and reduce the distance between charged NPs and the pulmonary surfactant monolayer. Our researches provide a novel simulation model of NPs on translocation across pulmonary surfactant monolayer and the study of NP-based pulmonary drug delivery system should consider the surface charge of NPs.     

Effect of bromine substituent on optical properties of aryl compounds

Substituents significantly affect optical properties of organic compounds. In this study, a series of organic compounds were synthesized. Ultraviolet‐visible and cyclic voltammetry spectra were determined. The relationships between the number of π electron in an aryl ring and the redshift (and molecular orbital energy levels) were studied. To investigate mechanisms of the bromine substituent effects, theoretical calculations were carried out. Ultraviolet‐visible spectra of bromine‐containing compounds exhibit obvious redshifts (0.04‐0.17 eV) of the maximal absorption wavelengths and enhanced absorbance (11%‐57%) compared with corresponding reference compounds. The lowest unoccupied and highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels of compounds containing bromine substituents are 0.05 to 0.60 and 0.02 to 0.40 eV lower than that of corresponding reference compounds. On the whole, the redshifts and the reduced molecular orbital energy levels caused by bromine substituent decrease with the increase in the number of π electron in an aryl ring. The effects would be attributed to strong p‐π conjugation between p electron in the bromine substituent and π electrons in aryl rings. Therefore, this paper suggests a useful way for tuning optical absorption and molecular orbital energy levels of aryl compounds.     

A three‐crystal spectrometer for high‐energy resolution fluorescence‐detected X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and X‐ray emission spectroscopy at SSRF

A Johann‐type spectrometer for the study of high‐energy resolution fluorescence‐detected X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, X‐ray emission spectroscopy and resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering has been developed at BL14W1 X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy beamline of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The spectrometer consists of three crystal analyzers mounted on a vertical motion stage. The instrument is scanned vertically and covers the Bragg angle range of 71.5–88°. The energy resolution of the spectrometer ranges from sub‐eV to a few eV. The spectrometer has a solid angle of about 1.87 × 0^?3 of 4π sr, and the overall photons acquired by the detector could be 10⁵ counts per second for the standard sample. The performances of the spectrometer are illustrated by the three experiments that are difficult to perform with the conventional absorption or emission spectroscopy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hierarchical Mn<Subscript>1.5</Subscript>Co<Subscript>1.5</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> microspheres constructed from one-dimensional nanorods as high-performance anode material for lithium-ion battery

Mn_1.5Co_1.5O₄ hierarchical microspheres have been successfully synthesized via a solvothermal method and an annealing procedure. Mn_1.5Co_1.5O₄ exhibits advanced cycling performance, and it retains a reversible capacity of 633 mA h g^?1 at a current density of 400 mA g^?1 with a coulombic efficiency of 99.0% after 220 cycles. Its remarkable performance is attributed to the hierarchical structure assembled with nanorods, which increases the contact area between each nanorod and electrolyte. More significantly, the open space between neighboring nanorods and the pores on the surface of nanorods can improve Li⁺ ion diffusion rate. Furthermore, the nanorods have rapid one-dimensional Li⁺ diffusion channels, which not only possess a large specific surface area for high activity but accommodate the volume change during lithiation–delithiation processes. Therefore, Mn_1.5Co_1.5O₄ hierarchical microspheres can act as a promising alternative anode material for lithium-ion battery.     

On the interaction of solitons for a class of integrable systems in the spacetime R n+1

A class of integrable systems of nonlinear partial differential equations in the spacetime R ⁿ⁺¹ is introduced. Single and multi-soliton solutions are constructed by using the Darboux matrix method. It is proved that as t±, a k multi-soluton solution splits asymptotically into k single solitons. Moreover, the interaction between solitons is elastic if we consider their magnitudes only.The work is C. H. Gu supported by the Chinese National Program for fundamental research nonlinear science.     

Large third-order nonlinear optical properties of C70 fullerene in the infrared regime

The nonlinear third-order optical susceptibility of C₇₀ in a toluene solution is measured for the first time by the method of degenerate four-wave mixing using 10 ns laser pulses at 1.06 m. The third-order susceptibility X _in ⁽³⁾ is 5.6×10^–12 esu for a C₇₀ toluene solution at a concentration of 0.476 g/l. The correspondent magnitude of the hyperpolarizability ₁₁₁₁ of the C₇₀ molecule is 1.2×10^–30 esu which is in a good agreement with the prediction given by the model of a free electron in a spherical box.     

Specular reflectance of cold-rolled aluminum surfaces

The specular reflectance of cold-rolled aluminum surface is studied using a fiber optic system. An approximation for the determination of surface roughness is presented.     

板条固体激光器热稳特性的研究

本文报道板条激光器的热稳运行,在150W至10000W的泵浦功率下输出发散角基本保持不变,最大输出功率大于150W;并绘出了腔内插入柱面镜,以压缩输出激光发散角的初步结果.