电流变学研究进展

电流变学是近年来新兴的一门学科。本文从电流变学的发展概况，电流变流体，电流变效应的机理和电流变体的应用等４个方面对电流变学的概貌做了阐述，力求能准确地反映国际上电流变学的发展现状。     

基于动态雷达比的气溶胶消光系数及光学厚度反演

激光雷达以其高垂直空间分辨率和高时间分辨率的优势在大气气溶胶监测中具有重要作用。在利用Fernald法反演气溶胶消光系数和光学厚度的过程中,雷达比是反演结果的主要误差源。在目前的应用中雷达比普遍都是取固定值,这就必然给雷达反演带来误差。通过对污染物以及气象数据与雷达比的逐步回归分析,建立了雷达比估算模型,从而实现雷达比的动态估算。研究表明:雷达比的变化与空气中PM2.5质量浓度、相对湿度、SO2和NO2质量浓度等具有明显相关性。相比于固定值,利用动态雷达比反演的气溶胶消光系数和光学厚度精度明显提高。     

基于PCI总线的矩阵电路在压变温压补偿系统中的实现与应用

本文提出基于PCI总线驱动控制的矩阵电路在压力变送器温压补偿系统中应用的目的是解决现有压力变送器温压补偿系统中HART总线型工位电路数量少,整套矩阵电路缺失冗余性,以及现有电路在压力变送器产品温压补偿中实用性差、维护成本高的问题。文中阐述的矩阵电路是以PCI总线为基础,实现对PIO数字接口卡的驱动控制,完成由PCI总线上32路数字I/O到168路数字I/O的转换,并利用168路数字I/O进行继电器矩阵电路设计,实现了弱电控制强电的过程,成功有效的解决了现存压力变送器温压补偿系统中矩阵电路存在的问题。该研发成果已经应用于PDS压力变送器产品温压补偿生产线上,并且该电路的设计能够满足压力变送器生产企业的需求,而且整套电路融入系统中能够长期稳定、可靠的运行。     

用波晶片相位板产生角动量可调的无衍射涡旋空心光束

本文提出了一种用波晶片产生无衍射涡旋空心光束的新方案. 根据晶体双折射的性质, 设计波晶片的厚度, 在一块晶体薄片上对o光和e光分别形成各自的四台阶相位板, 线偏振光入射到该相位板后, o光和e光衍射按强度叠加, 利用准伽利略望远镜系统聚焦, 得到近似无衍射涡旋空心光束. 光路简单, 调节方便. 在近轴条件下, 运用菲涅耳衍射理论和经典电磁场角动量理论, 数值模拟计算了周期数不同的两块波晶片相位板衍射光强和角动量的分布, 结果表明: 两块相位板都能在较长距离内产生近似无衍射涡旋空心光束, 光强和轨道角动量的分布与螺旋相位板产生的涡旋光束基本相同. 在衍射光路中加入相位补偿器, 调节o光和e光的相位差可以调节自旋角动量的大小, 从而可以调节总角动量密度和平均光子角动量的大小. 用这种空心光束导引冷原子或冷分子, 原子在与光子相互作用过程中可获得可调的转动力矩.     

基于Stokes矢量的实时偏振差分水下成像研究

偏振差分水下成像能够有效地克服光散射效应造成的图像退化问题, 在水下物体探测与识别领域具有重要应用价值. 传统的偏振差分方法靠光学检偏器的无规则机械转动来实现对散射背景的共模抑制, 限制了其在水下成像过程中的实时探测性能. 本文通过分析偏振差分探测原理来建立偏振差分成像模型, 从理论上提出了基于Stokes矢量的计算偏振差分水下实时成像系统, 并进行了实验验证. 研究结果表明, 基于Stokes矢量的计算偏振差分成像不仅与传统的偏振差分方法具有相同的水下探测效果, 更重要的是可以实现快速成像过程. 该方法可以应用到目前的偏振成像仪器系统, 实现无需人-机互动的自动化实时偏振差分水下成像, 进一步提高水下物体探测与识别的效率.     

反常磁矩对弱磁场弱相互作用费米气体热力学性质的影响

考虑费米子的反常磁矩, 运用赝势法和热力学理论, 导出弱磁场中弱相互作用费米气体自由能的解析式, 以此为基础给出高温和低温情况下系统热力学性质, 分析反常磁矩对热力学性质的影响机理. 研究表明: 反常磁矩对热力学性质的影响与温度相关, 而且这种影响随温度的上升在低温区是增大的, 在高温区是减小的; 对于系统的化学势、内能, 反常磁矩加强了磁场的影响, 弱化了相互作用的影响; 对于系统的热容量, 反常磁矩在低温区使其减小, 在高温区使其增加.     

Determination of Six Organophosphorus Pesticides in Water by Single-Drop Microextraction Coupled with GC-NPD

A single-drop microextraction (SDME) procedure with a modified microsyringe was developed for the analysis of six organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in water. Microsyringe was modified by attaching a 2-mm cone onto the needle tip end. The conditions affecting SDME performance including microextraction solvent, stirring speed, extraction time, ionic strength and sample pH were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the linear ranges of the SDME with ethion as internal standard were 0.05–50 μg L^?1 (except for dimethoate 5–5,000 μg L^?1) and limits of detection (LOD) were 0.012–0.020 μg L^?1 (except for dimethoate 0.45 μg L^?1). Recoveries of six pesticides were in the range of 70.6–107.5 % with relative standard deviation lower than 6.0 %. The modified method is simple, rapid and sensitive, and acceptable in the analysis of OPPs pesticides in water samples.     

Synthesis of a Trisaccharide Related to the Cytotoxic Triterpenoid Saponins Isolated from the Bark of Albizia procera

Chemical synthesis of a trisaccharide related to the cytotoxic triterpenoid saponins isolated from the bark of Albizia procera has been accomplished through a concise stepwise glycosylation strategy starting from commercially available D ‐xylose, 2‐acetamido‐2‐deoxy‐D ‐glucose and L ‐arabinose. The target trisaccharide was designed with a 4‐methoxyphenyl (MP) aglycone to extend the scope of conversion to suitable glycoconjugates via selective removal of 4‐methoxyphenyl (MP) group. An unexpected phenomenon, i.e., the arabinosyl residue assumed the ¹C₄ conformation instead of the typical ⁴C₁ form, was observed. Deprotection could restore the normal conformation.     

Investigation on Photophysical Properties of D–π–A–π–D‐Type Fluorenone‐Based Linear Conjugated Oligomers by Using Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy

The effects of π‐spacer and electron donor groups on the photophysical behaviors of fluorenone‐based linear conjugated oligomers have been systemically investigated. Solvent‐dependent steady‐state measurements exhibit that the fluorene vinylene (FV) spacer and the electron‐donating ability of donor group are able to modulate the spectral features of oligomers and the fluorescence quantum yield could decrease with the increasing of the solvent polarity. Meanwhile, quantum chemical calculation simulates their absorption spectra, and analyzes their electron transition components simultaneously. The transient absorption measurements focus on the photoexcitation dynamics of these oligomers in the toluene solution, which show that an intramolecular charge transfer state exists in the relaxation process of excited states, and its generation process could accelerate with the introduction of FV spacer and the enhancement of donor strength.     

Photophysical Properties of Metal Ion Functionalized NaY Zeolite

A series of luminescent ion exchanged zeolite are synthesized by introducing various ions into NaY zeolite. Monometal ion (Eu³⁺, Tb³⁺, Ce³⁺, Y³⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺) exchanged zeolite, rare‐earth ion (Eu³⁺, Tb³⁺, Ce³⁺) exchanged zeolite modified with Y³⁺ and rare‐earth ion (Eu³⁺, Tb³⁺, Ce³⁺) exchanged zeolite modified with Zn²⁺ are discussed here. The resulting materials are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum radiometer (FTIR), XRD, scanning electronic microscope (SEM), PLE, PL and luminescence lifetime measurements. The photoluminescence spectrum of NaY indicates that emission band of host matrix exhibits a blueshift of about 70 nm after monometal ion exchange process. The results show that transition metal ion exchanged zeolites possess a similar emission band due to dominant host luminescence. A variety of luminescence phenomenon of rare‐earth ion broadens the application of zeolite as a luminescent host. The Eu³⁺ ion exchanged zeolite shows white light luminescence with a great application value and Ce³⁺ exchanged zeolite steadily exhibits its characteristic luminescence in ultraviolet region no matter in monometal ion exchanged zeolite or bimetal ions exchanged zeolite.