Measurement of viscoelastic properties from the vibration of a compliantly supported beam

A laboratory method is presented by which the viscoelastic properties of compliant materials are measured over a wide frequency range. The test setup utilizes a flexible beam clamped at one end and excited by a shaker at the free end. A small specimen of a compliant material is positioned to support the beam near its midpoint. The deformation from gravity is minimized since the specimen is not loaded by an attached mass. Forced vibration responses measured at two locations along the beam are used to derive a transfer function from which the dynamic properties of compliant materials are directly determined by use of a theoretical procedure investigating the effects of specimen stiffness on the propagation of flexural waves. Sensitivity of the measured properties to experimental uncertainties is investigated. Young's moduli and associated loss factors are determined for compliant materials ranging from low-density closed-cell foams to high-density damping materials. The method is validated by comparing the measured viscoelastic properties to those from an alternative dynamic test method.     

Synthesis and Properties of Polyacrylamide-Based Conducting Gels with Enhanced Mechanical Strength

A nanocomposite conducting hydrogel, polyacrylamide/MWNT/clay (abbreviated as PAM/MWNT/clay), prepared through in situ free radical aqueous polymerization and crosslinked by both clay, as a functional physical crosslinker, and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a chemical crosslinker, is reported. The morphology of the gels was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties and electrical conductivity were also studied. The results show that the prepared hydrogels had the expected chemical components, with a highly porous structure, and the gels also showed high mechanical strength. The mechanical strength and electrical conductivity value increased with increasing content of multi-walled nanotube (MWNT), and decreased with increasing content of water.     

200W级高亮度半导体激光器光纤耦合模块

光纤激光器系统需要高可靠性、高亮度、高功率光纤耦合输出二极管激光器模块作为泵浦源。基于mini-bar二极管激光器芯片,采用光束精密准直技术、自由空间合束技术来获得高亮度、高功率光纤耦合输出,针对光纤芯径为200μm、数值孔径为0.22的多模光纤,开展了线偏振二极管激光光纤耦合实验,实验结果表明:光纤稳定输出功率达280 W,对应亮度为5.87 MW/(cm2·sr),电-光效率为45.0%。采用偏振合束技术,光纤预期输出功率可达500 W,对应亮度超过10 MW/(cm2·sr)。该方法可应用于研制数百瓦级高亮度二极管激光光纤耦合输出激光器模块。     

函数乘积的可导性

运用导数的定义,从理论上分析不同形式的函数乘积的可导性条件。     

Modeling of pedestrian evacuation under fire emergency based on an extended heterogeneous lattice gas model

An extended heterogeneous lattice gas (E-HLG) model is developed by introducing an altitude factor into the heterogeneous lattice gas (HLG) model. The altitude factor is used to describe the position height of lattice sites. Evacuation features from a terrace classroom are investigated through simulations using both the model and experiments. To study evacuation processes under fire emergency, an agent-based fire and pedestrian interaction (FPI) model is proposed. It is supposed that the possible moving directions of a pedestrian depend on the environmental temperature field, which is simulated by the software FDS. The walking speed reduction due to the visibility worsening in the FPI model is described by a multi-grid method. It is found that simulation results based on the extended HLG model are in good agreement with the experiments. The altitude factor plays a guidance role to the evacuation, and the fire notably delays the evacuation due to both the harmfulness of the high temperature field and the change of evacuation routes which results in frequent local jamming and clogging.     

Static deformation of a multilayered one-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystal plate with piezoelectric effect

Quasicrystals (QCs) are sensitive to the piezoelectric (PE) effect. This paper studies static deformation of a multilayered one-dimensional (1D) hexagonal QC plate with the PE effect. The exact closed-form solutions of the extended displacement and traction for a homogeneous piezoelectric quasicrystal (PQC) plate are derived from an eigensystem. The general solutions for multilayered PQC plates are then obtained using the propagator matrix method when mechanical and electrical loads are applied on the top surface of the plate. Numerical examples for several sandwich plates made up of PQC, PE, and QC materials are provided to show the effect of stacking sequence on phonon, phason, and electric fields under mechanical and electrical loads, which is useful in designing new composites for engineering structures.     

Tailoring nanomaterial products through electrode material and oxygen partial pressure in a mini-arc plasma reactor

Nanomaterials with controllable morphology and composition are synthesized by a simple one-step vapor condensation process using a mini-arc plasma source. Through systematic investigation of mini-arc reactor parameters, the roles of carrier gas, electrode material, and precursor on producing diverse nanomaterial products are revealed. Desired nanomaterial products, including tungsten oxide nanoparticles (NPs), tungsten oxide nanorods (NRs), tungsten oxide and tin oxide NP mixtures and pure tin dioxide NPs can thus be obtained by tailoring reaction conditions. The amount of oxygen in the reactor is critical to determining the final nanomaterial product. Without any precursor material present, a lower level of oxygen in the reactor favors the production of W₁₈O₄₉ NRs with tungsten as cathode, while a high level of oxygen produces more round WO₃ NPs. With the presence of a precursor material, amorphous particles are favored with a high ratio of argon:oxygen. Oxygen is also found to affect tin oxide crystallization from its amorphous phase in the thermal annealing. Results from this study can be used for guiding gas phase nanomaterial synthesis in the future.     

低速冲击下纤维/金属层合板抗分层性能研究

本文采用内聚力模型,对纤维/金属层合板(FMLs)在低速冲击载荷作用下抗分层性能进行研究。内聚力模型对裂纹的模拟具有它独特的优势：一是该模型不需要预先假设初始缺陷;二是在计算过程中随着裂纹的扩展,该方法不需要重新对结构进行网格划分。借助该模型,本文对低速冲击载荷作用下,纤维层合板(FRP)分层进行了模拟,并验证了该模型计算的有效性。在此基础上,本文研究了低速冲击载荷作用下,不同金属含量的纤维/金属层合板抗分层性能,并与纤维层合板进行了比较。最后从能量的角度讨论了金属含量与铺层结构对FMLs低速冲击性能的影响。     

真实气体效应对返回舱气动力特性的影响

采用7 组元6 反应化学动力学模型,通过数值方法研究了真实气体效应对阿波罗(Apollo) 返回舱流场及气动力特性的影响. 并利用典型弹道点的飞行和实验数据验证了化学非平衡流计算程序的可靠性. 计算结果表明:真实气体效应主要发生在物面附近很薄的激波层内,真实气体效应使得激波脱体距离减小;真实气体效应使阻力系数和升力系数增加,且在小攻角时增加幅度最大;真实气体效应产生附加的低头力矩,使压心位置后移. 真实气体效应的影响随着马赫数的增加变化不明显.