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221.
Keita?Suzuki Jun-ichi?Oku Kenichi?Izawa Hiro-Fumi?OkabayashiEmail author Isao?Noda Charmian?J.?O’Connor 《Colloid and polymer science》2005,283(10):1070-1078
Time-resolved gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) profiles were measured over a long period of time (t=0–768 h) for the HNO3-catalyzed reaction mixture of a well-defined polymeric silane coupling agent, triethoxysilyl-terminated polystyrene. The results showed that HNO3 catalyzes the rate of polymerization, but only to a small extent. Two-dimensional (2-D) GPC correlation spectra were calculated from time-resolved GPC profiles and were used to examine the mechanism of polymerization. The resolution enhancement obtained by 2-D correlation provided ample evidence for existence of four monomeric components. It has been demonstrated that dynamic variation in the population of these components occurs over a long reaction time, reflecting the mechanism of a slow polymerization process. 相似文献
222.
Enantioselective alkylation of lactams and lactones can be realized up to 98% ee by deprotonation with a chiral tetradentate lithium amide (4b) in the presence of lithium bromide, and subsequent alkylation with active alkylating agents in non-chelating solvents. 相似文献
223.
T
ru Tagawa Hideo Amemiya Isao Shinohara Miyuki Hagiwara Tsutomu Kagiya 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1975,13(12):2843-2847
At 200°C, temperature-induced transformations of peroxide radicals from ? CF2CF(OO·)CF2? (radical I) to ? CF2CFCF2? (radical 1) and ? CF2CF2OO· (radical II) to ? CF2CF2 (radical 2) in vacuo, and from I to II in oxygen atmosphere were observed. In these thermal transformations, the evolution of CO2 with a small amount of CO and CF2O was observed. Further, measurements of the heat of crystallization of the treated polytetrafluoroethylene suggest that a reduction of polymer molecular weight occurs during the transformations from I to 1 and I to II. 相似文献
224.
Yoshiro Kobayashi Takeo Taguchi Norio Kanuma Nobuo Ikekawa Jun-ichi Oshida 《Tetrahedron letters》1981,22(43):4309-4312
Two new fluorinated 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 analogs, 26,26,26-trifluoro- 25-hydroxy () and 27-nor-26,26,26-trifluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (), were prepared from 24-phenylsulfonyl 25,26,27-triorcholest-5-en-3β-yl tetrahydropyranyl ether (). 相似文献
225.
Wakahara T Kobayashi J Yamada M Maeda Y Tsuchiya T Okamura M Akasaka T Waelchli M Kobayashi K Nagase S Kato T Kako M Yamamoto K Kadish KM 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2004,126(15):4883-4887
Ce@C(82) is isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the cage symmetry is determined as C(2)(v)() by measuring the (13)C NMR spectra of its anion. The (13)C NMR peaks of [Ce@C(82)](-) show temperature-dependent shifts ascribed to the f electron remaining on the Ce atom. Both Ce@C(82) and [Ce@C(82)](-) are silent in electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) because of the highly anisotropic g matrix as well as of the fast relaxation process originating from the orbital angular momentum of the f electron. This is the complementary relationship to the observation of the paramagnetic shift in (13)C NMR. [Ce@C(82)](-) has lower stability in air than [La@C(82)](-). 相似文献
226.
Persistent triplet diphenylcarbenes with considerable stability have been shown to be trapped by tetramethylpiperidine N-oxides (TEMPOs) to give the corresponding benzophenones as major products along with tetramethylpiperidine, which indicates that the reaction pattern is essentially identical with that observed for parent triplet diphenylcarbene. The absolute rate constants for the quenching reaction were measured by a laser flash photolysis technique and compared with those for quenching by other typical triplet carbene quenchers. The results showed that the reactivity of TEMPOs toward triplet carbenes was lower than that of oxygen but higher than that of 1,4-cyclohexadiene. The advantages of TEMPOs as a triplet carbene quencher as opposed to the other quenchers are discussed, and TEMPOs are shown to be very convenient reagents to estimate the reactivity of triplet carbenes. 相似文献
227.
Tokio Hagiwara Tsutomu Someno Hiroshi Hamana Tadashi Narita 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1988,26(4):1011-1020
Anionic polymerization of N-ethylmaleimide (N-EMI) was carried out with potassium t-butoxide, lithium t-butoxide, n-butyllithium, and ethylmagnesium bromide as initiators in THF and in toluene. An almost quantitative yield of poly(N-EMI) was obtained with potassium t-butoxide as initiator in THF in a wide range of polymerization temperatures. Initiators possessing lithium as counter cation produced poly(N-EMI) in slightly lower yields and ethylmagnesium bromide gave the polymer only in less than 35% yield in THF. As a polymerization reaction solvent, THF was preferable for the polymerization of N-EMI compared with toluene with respect to polymer yields. Poly(N-EMI) obtained with anionic initiators exerted unimodal molecular weight distribution. From 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra of poly(N-EMI) anionic polymerization of N-EMI with potassium t-butoxide was revealed to proceed at carbon–carbon double bond. t-Butoxide system was found to have a “living” polymerization character, i.e., the observed average degree of polymerization was in good agreement with the one calculated from the initial molar ratio of N-EMI/initiator and the yield of polymer. 相似文献
228.
Hiroshi Mitsui Fumio Hosoi Miyuki Hagiwara Tsutomu Kagiya 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1968,6(10):2881-2888
The effects of acetylene on the γ-radiation-induced polymerization of ethylene were studied from the viewpoint of the gaseous products and polymer structure. The experiments were carried out under a pressure of 400 kg/cm2; the temperature was 30°C; the does rate was 1.1 × 105 rad/hr; and the acetylene content was 0–20%. The solid polymer was obtained in the polymerization of ethylene containing 2.2% acetylene, while the monomer containing 19.7% acetylene gave a yellowish viscous oil. The polymer yield and molecular weight decreased remarkably with acetylene content. The main gaseous product was hydrogen, and trace amounts of butane, butene-1, butadiene-1,3, and benzene and its derivatives were also observed. The rate of formation of hydrogen was almost independent of acetylene content and there was no difference in acetylene contents before and after the irradiation was found. The infrared spectra of the polymers showed the presence of vinylidene, trans-vinylene, and terminal vinyl unsaturations, 1,4-disubstituted benzene, and carbonyl groups. The contents of trans-vinylene, terminal vinyl, and methyl groups increased with acetylene content, and that of vinylidene was independent of acetylene content. The monomer reactivity ratios of ethylene and acetylene were evaluated as 45.5 and 66.0, respectively. On the basis of the results, the effects of acetylene on the γ-radiation-induced polymerization of ethylene were discussed. 相似文献
229.
SmI2-induced reductive cyclization of optically active (E)- and (Z)-β-alkoxyvinyl sulfoxides with aldehyde was developed for the construction of several stereoisomers of tetrahydropyran derivatives. 相似文献
230.
Hiroshi Mitsui Sueo Machi Miyuki Hagiwara Fumio Hosoi Tsutomu Kagiya 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1967,5(11):2731-2743
The effects of oxygen on the γ-radiation-induced polymerization of ethylene were studied at a temperature of 30°C.; the pressure was 400 kg./cm.2, the dose rate was 1.9 × 105 rad/hr.; and oxygen content was from 1–2000 ppm. The main product was solid polymer, and no liquid product was found. The gaseous products were hydrogen, acetylene, higher hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, aldehydes, and acids. Several kinds of carbonyls similar to those formed in γ-ray oxidized polyethylene were observed in the polymer. The polymer yield and the degree of polymerization decreased markedly with increasing oxygen content, while the amount of carbonyls in the polymer increased. The number of moles of polymer chain and the amounts of hydrogen and acetylene were found to be almost independent of the oxygen content. The polymerization of pure ethylene was not affected by carbon dioxide and formic acid. On addition of acetaldehyde, the polymer yield and the degree of polymerization decreased markedly, while the number of moles of polymer chain increased. In the polymerization of ethylene containing oxygen, both the rate of oxygen consumption and the carbonyl content of the polymer increased, while the inhibition period decreased by the addition of acetaldehyde. It was found that the degree of polymerization after the inhibition period is almost independent of the reaction time in the presence of acetaldehyde, while it increases with the time in the absence of acetaldehyde. 相似文献