燃煤超细颗粒团聚模拟研究

针对煤燃烧过程中产生的超细颗粒有效控制问题,提出了一种配合中国目前电站除尘方式的新方法,其核心思想就是将一种表面具有较高粘附活性的团聚剂溶液喷入烟气中,使烟气中超细颗粒物团聚成较大颗粒物后能够被电站现有除尘装置所除去。为了证明这种方法的有效性,建立了模拟锅炉烟尘流动的小型团聚实验台并进行实验研究;在此基础上,模拟了团聚剂对超细颗粒物的团聚效果,计算结果表明:烟气流量、烟尘浓度、团聚剂流量和浓度等都是影响超细颗粒物团聚的重要因素;若保证烟气温度降低幅度在10℃以内,且烟气流量和烟尘浓度相同时,适当增加团聚剂的浓度或流量,可使超细颗粒物的团聚效率达到70%,为进一步实验研究提供理论依据。     

A ratiometric fluorescent probe based on boron dipyrromethene and rhodamine Förster resonance energy transfer platform for hypochlorous acid and its application in living cells

We have developed a ratiometric fluorescent probe BRT based on boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) and rhodamine-thiohydrazide Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) platform for sensing hypochlorous acid (HOCl) with high selectivity and sensitivity. The probe can detect HOCl in 15 s with the detection limit of 38 nM. Upon mixing with HOCl the fluorescence colour of probe BRT changed from green to orange. Moreover, probe BRT was applied to successfully monitor HOCl in living RAW 264.7 cells.     

纳米固体超强酸S2O82- 催化合成正、异冰片酯的研究

以冰片、异冰片、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸为原料, 首次采用纳米固体超强酸 /ZrO₂催化合成了8个冰片、异冰片酯. 酯化率42%～98%, 反应选择性好, 产物用¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和IR进行结构确证. 这些酯(除了乙酸冰片酯和乙酸异冰片酯外)的合成未见文献报道.     

亚稳碘化汞(β-HgI2M)晶体生长与相变

采用溶液法,以α-HgI_2为原料,在DMSO和H_2O混合溶剂中生长了β-HgI_2~M晶体。通过XRD检测了晶体的结构特征,利用偏光显微镜研究了晶体生长的动态过程及β-HgI_2M→α-HgI_2的相变过程。研究表明,生长的晶体为β-HgI_2~M,空间结构为Cmc2_1;晶体生长界面夹角为65.02°,与β-HgI_2~M单胞中(110)和(110)夹角(65.16°)吻合;β-HgI_2~M→α-HgI_2相变为结构重构的一级相变。     

纳米固体超强酸S_2O_8~(2-)催化合成正、异冰片酯的研究

以冰片、异冰片、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸为原料,首次采用纳米固体超强酸S2O28-/ZrO2催化合成了8个冰片、异冰片酯.酯化率42%～98%,反应选择性好,产物用1HNMR,13CNMR和IR进行结构确证.这些酯(除了乙酸冰片酯和乙酸异冰片酯外)的合成未见文献报道.     

Preferential solvation stabilization for hydrophobic polymeric nanoparticle fabrication

Preferential solvation of polymer molecules and strong EPD-EPA (EPD, electron pair donor; EPA, electron pair acceptor) interaction between solvent and nonsolvent molecules were found to be of great significance in the fabrication of two kinds of aromatic polyimide (AP) nanoparticles. Surfactant free yet stable AP nanoparticles were prepared using a liquid-liquid phase separation method. The stability of the AP nanoparticles can be achieved by the solvation multilayer resulting from a solvation stabilization chain in the form of nonsolvent --> solvent --> AP (a --> b denotes that component b is solvated by component a). The significance of this stabilization chain was identified by many comparative experiments using different types of molecular probes. On the other hand, the formation of AP nanoparticles was found to be governed by a nucleation process and therefore the particle size is controlled by the nucleation rate. A very high level of supersaturation can be attained under the intensive local motions induced by ultrasound, resulting in a very high nucleation rate. This effect was found to be extremely useful in the fabrication of sub-50 nm AP nanoparticles.     

含N-吡啶联吡唑杂环的(磺)酰胺类化合物的设计、合成及生物活性

以氯虫酰胺结构为基础, 设计合成了一系列含N-吡啶联吡唑杂环的酰胺及磺酰胺类化合物. 所有化合物的结构均通过元素分析和 ¹H NMR确证. 生物活性测试结果表明, 部分化合物对东方粘虫(4龄幼虫)和尖音库蚊(幼虫)表现出较好的杀灭活性. 化合物4a, 4k和5b在浓度为100 mg/L时对东方粘虫(4龄幼虫)的致死率均高于50%, 化合物4g 在浓度为2 mg/L时对尖音库蚊(幼虫)的致死率达100%.     

合成二苯并呋喃的新方法

在质量分数为50％的硫酸水溶液中,通过加热二芳醚的邻位芳胺重氮盐,合成了8种二苯并呋喃及其衍生物(2a～2h,R=H,2-Cl,2-Br,2-Me,2-Bu-t,2-OMe,3-OMe,4-Me),产率为65％～70％,产物经过元素分析、质谱、核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱等进行了表征,研究了影响反应的条件,得出了反应的最佳温度为135℃,并对反应机理进行了讨论。     

铁电体电源起爆金属桥箔的数值计算分析

 为探讨铁电体电源对金属桥箔的起爆作用,对冲击波作用下PZT95/5铁电体对铜桥箔的放电过程进行了数值计算。通过引入金属桥箔电阻非线性变化的FIRESET模型,考虑回路电感及回路电阻,计算了负载为铜桥箔时的铁电体的电响应。讨论了铁电体并联数量、回路电感对桥箔爆炸特性的影响。计算结果表明：当并联排列的铁电体电极面积达到0.006 m²以上时,在桥箔上可产生高于100 GA/m²的电流密度,能够有效起爆桥箔。而回路中存在适当的电感将有利于铁电体电源起爆桥箔。计算方法和结果能够为起爆金属桥箔的铁电体电源设计提供理论根据。     

Monto Carlo simulation of the behaviour of electrons during electron—assisted chemical vapour deposition of diamond

The behaviour of electrons during electron-assisted chemical vapour deposition of diamond is investigated using Monte Carlo simulation. The electron energy distribution and velocity distribution are obtained over a wide range of reduced field E/N (the ratio of the electric field to gas molecule density) from 100 to 2000 in units of 1Td=10^-17Vcm². Their effects on the diamond growth are also discussed. The main results obtained are as follows. (1) The velocity profile is asymmetric for the component parallel to the field. The velocity distribution has a peak shift in the field direction. Most electrons possess non-zero velocity parallel to the substrate. (2) The number of atomic H is a function of E/N. (3) High-quality diamond can be obtained under the condition of E/N from 50 to 800Td due to sufficient atomic H and electron bombardment.