Phase-shifting color digital holography

Digital holography with a three-wavelength laser and a color CCD has been demonstrated. With the phase shifting of the reference beam, in-line holograms for three wavelengths are recorded simultaneously for derivation of the complex amplitude at each wavelength, and then the three monochromatic images are reconstructed and combined into full-color images in the computer. Laser power variation for wavelengths can be compensated for in the reconstruction process. We have compared the images reconstructed by two algorithms using a single Fourier transformation and a convolution with each other by both experiments and numerical simulations. Phase-shifting errors arising at two of the three wavelengths have proved not to cause serious deterioration of the reconstructed images.     

Multicolor digital holography with an achromatic phase shifter

Multiwavelength recording and reconstruction of a three-dimensional object are realized by use of phase-shifting digital holography. Red, green, and blue lines emitted from a white-light He-Cd laser are used for one-step recording of the complex amplitude of the object with a color CCD camera, in which a phase shift is introduced with an achromatic phase shifter based on the geometric phase. Three color images are reconstructed and successfully combined in a computer by use of Fresnel transformation based on a convolution.     

Tailored synthesis of structurally defined polymers by organotellurium-mediated living radical polymerization (TERP): synthesis of poly(meth)acrylate derivatives and their di- and triblock copolymers

The organotellurium-mediated living radical polymerization (TERP) method allows the synthesis of various polyacrylate and polymethacrylate derivatives with precise control of molecular weight and with defined end groups. The method can be applied to the synthesis of AB-diblock and ABA- and ABC-triblock copolymers composed of different families of monomers.     

Quantum Monte Carlo study of a proton in an electron gas

The polarization of jellium by a fixed proton impurity at 0 K is determined for an electron density range from metallic to dilute using the quantum Monte Carlo algorithm. Preliminary results show the correct H^– binding limit for the impurity in a dilute electron gas. The screening indicates transitions from two-to one-electron binding and from localized to delocalized electrons as the jellium density increases. The results are compared to density functional calculations. Pair distribution functions, Friedel oscillations, and binding energies are discussed.     

A PHOTON COUNTING TV CAMERA EQUIPPED WITH AN IMAGE GUIDE FOR RAPID DETECTION AND COUNTING OF SINGLE BACTERIA IN A WIDE FIELD

Abstract— We developed a photon counting TV camera system, which uses an image guide consisting of tapered optical fibers, for the rapid detection and counting of microscopic sized luminous particles in a wide field. Using a luminous bacterium as a standard, we compared this image guide-coupled TV camera to a lens-coupled TV camera by determining their light collecting powers and detection abilities for single bacteria on a membrane filter. The image guide shortened the detection time by an order of magnitude, making the photon counting TV camera a practical system for rapid counting of bacteria.     

Relationship between the total IgE levels and specific IgE antibodies

In this study, nine allergens were selected; i.e. 1289 cases of d1, 1277 cases of e1, 1547 cases of f1, 1063 cases of t17 and others, for investigating the relationship between the total IgE level and RAST score. The results showed that the total IgE level was high in high d1 score, and 29 cases of low IgE level were observed in high f1 score groups. On the other hand, the comparison of the CAP system and the total IgE level showed. The result shows that one case of low total IgE value was found in highest d1 score group.     

Novel thiophene oligomers containing a redox active hexaarylethane unit

[structure: see text] Novel thiophene oligomers containing a redox active hexaarylethane unit have been prepared as a new class of molecular wires having a large electrochemical bistability and definitely characterized by using single-crystal X-ray structure analysis and redox potential measurements. They constitute reversible redox pairs with the corresponding bis(thioxanthyl) dications by undergoing C-C bond making/breaking. They show unique electrochromism and a fluorescence change during interconversion.     

Azobenzene derivatives with a long alkyl chain and aminoxyls

A trans-azobenzene derivative with a long alkyl chain and a TEMPO radical showed photo-induced isomerization to become the corresponding cis-isomer with a significant change of its intermolecular magnetic interaction from a weak ferromagnetic one based on the CW model to a relatively strong antiferromagnetic one based on the ST model with the J-value of 36.7 K.     

8-Methylguanosine: a powerful Z-DNA stabilizer

Various modified guanine derivatives were synthesized and introduced into G(4) of d(CGCGCG)(2) to evaluate their capacity to stabilize Z-form DNA. It was found that the incorporation of 8-methylguanosine (m(8)rG) in oligonucleotides stabilizes the Z form more dramatically than does the incorporation of 8-methyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (m(8)G). This enhancement is ascribed to a reduction in the entropic penalty, which arises from the introduction of hydrophilic groups in solvent-exposed regions. The incorporation of m(8)rG into DNA sequences markedly stabilizes the Z form even in the absence of NaCl. The Z-DNA stabilizer allows oligonucleotides with a wide range of sequences to be converted to the Z form. It could be a powerful tool for examining the molecular basis of many types of Z-form-specific reactions at the molecular level under physiological salt conditions.