PM10 formation during the combustion of N2-char and CO2-char of Chinese coals

The formation of PM₁₀ (particles less than or equal to 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter) during char combustion in both air-firing and oxy-firing was investigated. Three Chinese coals of different ranks (i.e., DT bituminous coal, CF lignite, and YQ anthracite) were devolatilized at 1300 °C in N₂ and CO₂ atmosphere, respectively, in a drop tube furnace (DTF). The resulting N₂-chars and CO₂-chars were burned at 1300 °C in both air-firing (O₂/N₂ = 21/79) and oxy-firing (O₂/CO₂ = 21/79). The effects of char properties and combustion conditions on PM₁₀ formation during char combustion were studied. It was found that the formation modes and particle size distribution of PM₁₀ from char combustion whether in air-firing or in oxy-firing were similar to those from pulverized coal combustion. The significant amounts of PM_0.5 (particles less than or equal to 0.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) generated from combustion of various chars suggested that the mineral matter left in the chars after coal devolatilization still had great contributions to the formation of ultrafine particles even during the char combustion stage. The concentration of PM₁₀ from char combustion in oxy-firing was generally less than that in air-firing. The properties of the CO₂-chars were different from those of the N₂-chars, which was likely due to gasification reactions coal particles experienced during devolatilization in CO₂ atmosphere. Regardless of the combustion modes, PM₁₀ formation in combustion of N₂-char and CO₂-char from the same coal was found to be significantly dependent on char properties. The difference in the PM₁₀ formation behavior between the N₂-char and CO₂-char was coal-type dependent.     

关于建立新型激励机制与综合应用激励手段的研究

本文从西方激励理论与我国企业现状出发．探索了建立适合改革中的企业管理体制的新型激励机制之路，指出新型激励机制中多种激励手段应有机地综合运用．首先对西方激励理论进行了分析．而后对“人”在管理中的地位进行了探讨．在分析我国激励机制中现存缺陷后．提出了从组织结构、企业文化、领导行为多个方面进行变革以建立新型激励机制的建议．     

关于物质激励与精神激励基础与结合研究

从激励的心理学理论基础出发进行分析；对需求、动机、行为等及其相互影响在激励实践中的作用进行了总结。精神激励和物质激励是两种主要的激励模式．它们都是从实践中来经过否定之否定而发展起来的．现代激励理论对两种激励基本上接受，但对两种激励的评价及侧重又各有不同．我国现行激励机制存在一些问题，尤以平均主义为甚．精神激励与物质激励的有机结合．是激励模式发展的未来．     

一类非线性时序模型非遍历性的一个充分条件

本文研究了一类由紧算子与加性i.i.d.干扰确定的非线性时间序列的非遍历性,揭示了这类非线性时间序列的非遍历性与其相应确定性部分的Lyapunov函数之间的联系。     

The Convergences of Bivariate Integral Jackson Interpolating Operators in Orlicz Spaces

ＴｈｅＣｏｎｖｅｒｇｅｎｃｅｓｏｆＢｉｖａｒｉａｔｅＩｎｔｅｇｒａｌＪａｃｋｓｏｎＩｎｔｅｒｐｏｌａｔｉｎｇＯｐｅｒａｔｏｒｓｉｎＯｒｌｉｃｚＳｐａｃｅｓ尚增科，王有一，盛保怀ＴｈｅＣｏｎｖｅｒｇｅｎｃｅｓｏｆＢｉｖａｒｉａｔｅＩｎｔｅｇｒａｌＪａｃ...     

基于四波混频过程和线性分束器产生四组份纠缠

多组份纠缠是量子信息处理的重要资源,它的产生通常涉及到许多复杂的线性和非线性过程.本文从理论上提出了一种利用两个独立的四波混频过程和线性分束器产生真正的四组份纠缠的方案,其中,线性分束器的作用是将两个独立的四波混频过程联系起来.首先应用部分转置正定判据研究了强度增益对四组份纠缠的影响,结果表明,在整个增益区域内都存在真正的四组份纠缠,并且随着强度增益的增加,纠缠也在增强.然后研究了线性分束器的透射率对四组份纠缠的影响,发现只要线性分束器的透射率不为0或1,该系统也可以产生真正的四组份纠缠.最后,通过研究该系统可能存在的三组份纠缠和两组份纠缠来揭示该系统的纠缠结构.本文理论结果为实验上利用原子系综四波混频过程产生真正的四组份纠缠提供了可靠的方案.     

Creation of topological vortices using Pancharatnam-Berry phase liquid crystal holographic plates

Recently,physical fields with topological configurations are evoking increasing attention due to their fascinating structures both in fundamental researches and practical applications.Therein,topological light fields,because of their unique opportunity of combining experimental and analytical studies,are attracting more interest.Here,based on the Pancharatnam-Berry(PB)phase,we report the creation of Hopf linked and Trefoil knotted optical vortices by using phaseonly encoded liquid crystal(LC)holographic plates.Utilizing scanning measurement and the digital holographic interference method,we accurately locate the vortex singularities and map these topological nodal lines in three-dimensions.Compared with the common methods realized by the spatial light modulator(SLM),the phase-only LC plate is more efficient.Meanwhile,the smaller pixel size of the LC element reduces the imperfection induced by optical misalignment and pixellation.Moreover,we analyze the influence of the incident beam size on the topological configuration.     

In-situ SiN combined with etch-stop barrier structure for high-frequency AlGaN/GaN HEMT

The etch-stop structure including the in-situ SiN and AlGaN/GaN barrier is proposed for high frequency applications.The etch-stop process is realized by placing an in-situ SiN layer on the top of the thin AlGaN barrier.F-based etching can be self-terminated after removing SiN,leaving the AlGaN barrier in the gate region.With this in-situ SiN and thin barrier etch-stop structure,the short channel effect can be suppressed,meanwhile achieving highly precisely controlled and low damage etching process.The device shows a maximum drain current of 1022 mA/mm,a peak transconductance of 459 mS/mm,and a maximum oscillation frequency(fmax)of 248 GHz.     

甲基环己烷在9∽15.5 eV能量区的真空紫外光电离研究

利用具有同步辐射源的反射式飞行时间质谱仪,研究甲基环己烷的真空紫外光电离和光解离. 观测到母体离子C₇H₁₄⁺和碎片离子C₇H₁₃⁺,C₆H₁₁⁺,C₆H₁₀⁺,C₅H₁₀⁺,C₅H₉⁺,C₄H₈⁺,C₄H₇⁺和C₃H₅⁺的光电离效率曲线. 测定甲基环己烷的电离能为9.80±0.03 eV,通过光电离效率曲线确定其碎片离子的出现势. 在B3LYP/6-31G(d)水平上对过渡态、中间体和产物离子的优化结构进行表征,并使用G3B3方法计算其能量. 提出主要碎片离子的形成通道. 分子内氢迁移和碳开环是甲基环己烷裂解途径中最重要的过程.