Low-Temperature Electrolyte Design for Lithium-Ion Batteries: Prospect and Challenges

Lithium-ion batteries have dominated the energy market from portable electronic devices to electric vehicles. However, the LIBs applications are limited seriously when they were operated in the cold regions and seasons if there is no thermal protection. This is because the Li+ transportation capability within the electrode and particularly in the electrolyte dropped significantly due to the decreased electrolyte liquidity, leading to a sudden decline in performance and short cycle-life. Thus, design a low-temperature electrolyte becomes ever more important to enable the further applications of LIBs. Herein, we summarize the low-temperature electrolyte development from the aspects of solvent, salt, additives, electrolyte analysis, and performance in the different battery systems. Then, we also introduce the recent new insight about the cation solvation structure, which is significant to understand the interfacial behaviors at the low temperature, aiming to guide the design of a low-temperature electrolyte more effectively.     

Energy dependence on modes of electric activities of neuron driven by multi-channel signals

Nonlinear Dynamics - Neuron can receive electric signals or forcing currents from more than one channel, and these forcing currents could show some diversity. Based on the Hindmarsh–Rose...     

Magnetization switching modes in nanopillar spin valve under the external field

The current-induced magnetic switching is studied in Co/Cu/Co nanopillar with an in-plane magnetization traversed under the perpendicular-to-plane external field.Magnetization switching is found to take place when the current density exceeds a threshold.By analyzing precessional trajectories,evolutions of domain walls and magnetization switching times under the perpendicular magnetic field,there are two different magnetization switching modes:nucleation and domain wall motion reversal;uniform magnetization ...     

Mechanically strengthened new Hagi porcelain developed by controlling the chemical environment of iron

In order to enhance the mechanical strength of Hagi Porcelain (Hagiyaki), one of the oldest and famous potteries in Japan, new preparation condition was examined. Tempered Hagi porcelain, denominated as ‘Hagi Porcelain B’, was prepared with the Porcelain clay originating from Daido district, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. Structural change of ‘Hagi Porcelain B’ was investigated by means of ⁵⁷Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and three-point bending test. Mechanical strength of the ‘original Hagi Porcelain B’ was estimated to be 43.1 MPa by means of the three-point bending test, while much larger value of 104.5 MPa could be achieved when tempered by a chemical modification. Mössbauer spectrum of the ‘original Hagi porcelain B’ was composed of a paramagnetic doublet and a magnetic sextet due to Fe(III) of γ-Fe₂O₃(maghemite), while only one paramagnetic doublet due to to octahedral Fe(II)O₆ was observed for the ‘tempered Hagi Porcelain B’ with isomer shift and quadrupole splitting values of 1.13 and 2.15 mm s^?1, respectively. It is considered that the absence of magnetic phase causes an increase of the mechanical strength because the maghemite phase has a defect spinel structure. These results indicate that mechanical strength of the ‘Hagi porcelain B’ could be enhanced by controlling the sintering condition.     

Pseudochelin A,a siderophore of Pseudoalteromonas piscicida S2040

A new siderophore containing a 4,5-dihydroimidazole moiety was isolated from Pseudoalteromonas piscicida S2040 together with myxochelins A and B, alteramide A and its cycloaddition product, and bromo- and dibromoalterochromides. The structure of pseudochelin A was established by spectroscopic techniques including 2D NMR and MS/MS fragmentation data. In bioassays selected fractions of the crude extract of S2040 inhibited the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pseudochelin A displayed siderophore activity in the chrome azurol S assay at concentrations higher than 50 μM, and showed weak activity against the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, but did not display antibacterial, anti-inflammatory or anticonvulsant activity.     

Physical,hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics of springs in Beijing,China, compared to historical properties

A physical, hydrochemical and isotopic evaluation of springs in Beijing was conducted in 2009 to reveal apparent changes in the properties of those springs. The results showed that most of the 2nd class springs and more than 50 % of the 1st class springs recorded in the early 1980s were depleted, while the discharges of existing springs have also decreased sharply. In addition, the majority of springs were of the HCO₃–Ca–Mg type and good water quality, with the quality indices changing slightly compared to those recorded 30 years ago. The abundances of ²H, ¹⁸O, and ³H in the springs indicated that most of the springs were of meteoric origin with a relatively close connection to modern atmospheric precipitation. As a result, the springs have a relatively strong renewability within a shallow circulation.     

Poly(aryl ether ketone) composite membrane as a high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries separator

We described the design and synthesis of a modified poly(aryl ether ketone) bearing phenolphthalein and allyl groups (P‐PAEK) via nucleophilic polycondensation. A new kind of composite separator, crosslinked P‐PAEK/polyvinylidene fluoride (c‐P‐PAEK/PVDF) membrane was successfully prepared using phase separation, phase inversion method, and UV crosslinking technique. As a separator of lithium‐ion battery, c‐P‐PAEK/PVDF membrane demonstrates high porosity and uniform distribution of pores with interconnected pathways. Low thermal shrinkage, distinct shut‐down effect, high liquid electrolyte uptake capacity, and exciting liquid electrolyte wettability of the prepared c‐P‐PAEK/PVDF membrane have been revealed through comprehensive study. Moreover, the c‐P‐PAEK/PVDF membrane was applied to assemble a conventional Li/LiFePO₄ coin cell, which exhibited hopeful cell performance. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 2714–2721     

交换半环中理想的实根

在交换半环范畴中引进和研究理想的实根,从而将实代数学中有关结果推广到交换半环上。如下结果被建立:在半环中,一个理想的实根恰等于包含该理想的所有实理想的交集,并也恰等于包含该理想的所有实素理想的交集。此外,形式更为一般的理想的实根--广义实根被考虑,并获得相应的结果。     

Total synthesis of cannabisin F

A practical eight-step synthesis of lignanamide cannabisin F starting from vanillin is reported for the first time. This synthetic strategy applies the aldol reaction followed by the Wittig reaction to afford the key 8-O-4′-neolignan intermediate diacid. The diacid was condensed with N,O-protected tyramine giving, after deprotection, cannabisin F.