水下激光探测系统的水体后向散射光计算与光学参数估计

针对水下激光探测系统的水体后向散射光的计算,给出了系统的光学几何结构,分析了不同距离处的激光光斑与接收视场区域的位置变化关系并进行了定量计算。依据光传输理论建立了水体后向散射光的计算模型,根据模型的算法步骤编写了计算机程序。结合水下激光探测系统的具体参数进行了实例计算,绘制了后向散射光信号波形,并与试验获取的信号波形对比分析,验证了算法的可行性和正确性。研究了使用实测后向散射光信号数据估计水体光学特性参数的方法,通过估算的参数重新绘制曲线并反向叠加在测量数据曲线上以抵消水体后向散射光对目标信号的影响从而能够提取目标信息。     

First-principles study of structural stability and elastic property of pre-perovskite PbTiO3

The structural stability and the elastic properties of a novel structure of lead titanate,which is named preperovskite PbTiO₃ （PP-PTO） and is constructed with TiO₆ octahedral columns arranged in a one-dimensional manner,are investigated by using first-principles calculations.PP-PTO is energetically unstable compared with conventional perovskite phases,however it is mechanically stable.The equilibrium transition pressures for changing from preperovskite to cubic and tetragonal phases are 0.5 GPa and 1.4 GPa,respectively,with first-order characteristics.Further,the differences in elastic properties between pre-perovskite and conventional perovskite phases are discussed for the covalent bonding network,which shows a highly anisotropic character in PP-PTO.This study provides a crucial insight into the structural stabilities of PP-PTO and conventional perovskite.     

Molecular dynamics simulations of displacement cascades in Fe-10%Cr systems

Molecular dynamics simulations of the displacement cascades in Fe-10%Cr systems are used to simulate the primary knocked-on atom events of the irradiation damage at temperatures 300,600,and 750 K with primary knockedon atom energies between 1 and 15 keV.The results indicate that the vacancies produced by the cascade are all in the central region of the displacement cascade.During the cascade,all recoil Fe and Cr atoms combine with each other to form Fe-Cr or Fe-Fe interstitial dumbbells as well as interstitial clusters.The number and the size of interstitial clusters increase with the energy of the primary knocked-on atom and the temperature.A few large clusters consist of a large number of Fe interstitials with a few Cr atoms,the rest are Fe-Cr clusters with small and medium sizes.The interstitial dumbbells of Fe-Fe and Fe-Cr are in the 111 and 110 series directions,respectively.     

Nonlinear dynamics in wurtzite InN diodes under terahertz radiation

We carry out a theoretical study of nonlinear dynamics in terahertz-driven n+ nn+ wurtzite InN diodes by using time-dependent drift diffusion equations.A cooperative nonlinear oscillatory mode appears due to the negative differential mobility effect,which is the unique feature of wurtzite InN aroused by its strong nonparabolicity of the Γ 1 valley.The appearance of different nonlinear oscillatory modes,including periodic and chaotic states,is attributed to the competition between the self-sustained oscillation and the external driving oscillation.The transitions between the periodic and chaotic states are carefully investigated using chaos-detecting methods,such as the bifurcation diagram,the Fourier spectrum and the first return map.The resulting bifurcation diagram displays an interesting and complex transition picture with the driving amplitude as the control parameter.     

Slow-rise and fast-drop current feature of ultraviolet response spectra for ZnO-nanowire film modulated by water molecules

This study describes the fabrication of ZnO-nanowire films by electro-chemical anodization of Zn foil.The ZnO films are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction patterns,and transmission electron microscopy,respectively.The ultraviolet(UV) photo-response properties of the surface-contacted ZnO film are studied through the current evolution processes under different relative humidities.Unlike the usually observed current spectra of the ZnO films,the drop time is shorter than the rise time.The photo-conductivity gain G and the response time τ are both increased with the increase of the applied bias.The photo-conductivity gain G is lowered with the increase of the environmental humidity,while the response time τ is increased.These results can be explained by considering three different surface processes:1) the electron-hole(e-p) pair generation by the UV light illumination,2) the following surface O2-species desorption,and 3) the photo-catalytic hydrolysis of water molecules adsorbed on the ZnO surface.The slow-rise and fast-drop current feature is suggested to originate from the sponge-like structure of the ZnO nanowires.     

Characterization of relativistic electrons generated by a cone guiding laser pulse

We demonstrated the interaction of a gold cone target with a femto second(fs) laser pulse above the relativistic intensity of 1.37×10 18 μm 2 W/cm 2.Relativistic electrons with energy above 2 MeV were observed.A 25%-40% increase of the electron temperature is achieved compared to the case when a plane gold target is used.The electron temperature increase results from the guiding of the laser beam at the tip and the intense quasistatic magnetic field in the cone geometry.The behavior of the relativistic electrons is verified in our 2D-PIC simulations.     

数字全息用于光波衍射传播理论教学研究

数字全息技术是基于传统光学全息原理,借助于光电探测和数字处理技术,通过单次曝光记录和再现物光场的振幅和相位信息,近年来被广泛研究和应用.将数字全息应用于光波衍射传播理论教学中,不仅能够使学生在学习过程中形象、直观的理解光波衍射传播理论,而且能够通过编程计算完成数字全息图的数值再现,锻炼他们的知识运用能力,从而拓宽专业知识面、了解科学的发展前沿.     

低温冷风与传统加工对磨削质量的对比分析

针对磨削加工传统方法的不足设计了一种新型低温冷风加工磨削装置,能够提供0～-80℃连续低温,压力在0.3～0.5MPa范围内变化,结构简单,操作控制方便,加工成本低。通过对比工件的表面粗糙度,发现使用低温冷风磨削效果优于传统磨削,并且低温冷风温度越低,压力越高则工件表面质量越好,机床参数与低温冷风参数相比对工件的表面粗糙度影响不很明显。     

戈壁地区近地面大气折射率结构常数的统计分析

利用温度脉动仪对2010年412月库尔勒戈壁地区近地面大气折射率结构常数进行了测量,按月对测量数据进行了对数平均。根据对数平均值对日变化特征进行了分析,并对大气湍流强弱时段进行了统计。研究结果显示:戈壁地区大气湍流在日落时段较日出时段弱;日出转换时刻,均值湍流强度在10-15 m-2/3以下,日落转换时刻,均值湍流强度在10-16 m-2/3左右; 4,6,8,9月份的近地面大气湍流强度较强,5,7,10月份居中,11,12月份较弱。