Einen neuen Indicator

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

The Ternary System Nickel/Silicon/Titanium Revisited

The constitution of the ternary system Ni/Si/Ti is investigated over the entire composition range using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and metallography. The solid state phase equilibria are determined for 900 °C. Eight ternary phases are found to be stable. The crystal structures for the phases τ₁NiSiTi, τ₂Ni₄Si₇Ti₄, τ₃Ni₄₀Si₃₁Ti₁₃, τ₄Ni₁₇Si₇Ti₆, and τ₅Ni₃SiTi₂ are corroborated. For the remaining phases the compositions are determined as Ni₆Si₄₁Ti₅₃ (τ₆), Ni₁₆Si₄₂Ti₄₂(τ₇), and Ni₁₂Si₄₅Ti₄₃ (τ₈). The reaction scheme linking the solid state equilibria with the liquidus surface is amended to account for these newly observed phases. The discrepancies between previous experimental conclusions and modeling results are addressed. The liquidus surface is dominated by the primary crystallisation field of τ₁NiSiTi, the only congruently melting phase.     

An order-disorder transition in Sr2IrD5: Evidence for square pyramidal IrD5 units from powder neutron diffraction data

Neutron diffraction data have been collected on a powdered sample of Sr₂IrD₅ over a range of temperatures. The compound, which is cubic at room temperature, has been found to exhibit a gradual transformation to a tetragonal phase in the temperature range 200-140 K. As a result of the transition, deuterium atoms which randomly occupy sixfold positions in the cubic phase, become tetragonally ordered. A small fraction of the cubic phase remained untransformed at 4.2 K. Both the cubic and tetragonal structures are consistent with square pyramidal IrD₅ units with average Ir---D distances of 1.714 and 1.718 Å, respectively. Agreement factors, R₁, for the two structural analyses are 3.44 and 4.94%.     

Aperiodic metal–organic frameworks

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) represent one of the most diverse structural classes among solid state materials, yet few of them exhibit aperiodicity, or the existence of long-range order in the absence of translational symmetry. From this apparent conflict, a paradox has emerged: even though aperiodicity frequently arises in materials that contain the same bonding motifs as MOFs, aperiodic structures and MOFs appear to be nearly disjoint classes. In this perspective, we highlight a subset of the known aperiodic coordination polymers, including both incommensurate and quasicrystalline structures. We further comment upon possible reasons for the absence of such structures and propose routes to potentially access aperiodic MOFs.

This perspective discusses progress and future directions in metal–organic frameworks with aperiodic structures. Reported quasicrystalline and incommensurate materials are presented, and pathways towards designing new such materials are provided.     

Formation and Detection of Clay Network Structure in Poly(propylene)/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites

Summary: The study of the structure and the rheological properties of poly(propylene) (PP)/montmorillonite (MMT)/maleinated PP (MAPP) composites strongly suggests that a silicate network may form under certain conditions. Network formation could not be proven unambiguously with the usual techniques, i.e., with TEM and by plotting the frequency dependence of viscoelastic properties. Cole‐Cole plots detect the network very sensitively. A certain number of silicate layers are needed to create a house‐of‐cards structure. A threshold concentration of MAPP exists in the investigated system, which depends on the silicate content.

Cole‐Cole representation of the viscoelastic properties of PP/OMMT/MAPP nanocomposites.     

Capillary zone electrophoretic studies of ion association between inorganic anions and tetraalkylammonium ions in aqueous-dioxane media

Ion association between inorganic anions and symmetrical tetraalkylammonium ions, R4N+ (R = Me, Et, Pr, n-Bu, n-Am, and 2-methyl butyl {isoamyl = iAm}) was investigated using ordinary silica capillary by capillary zone electrophoresis. An improved version of the Williams-Vigh method was used for the first time to measure the mobilities of the inorganic anions. Plots of log Kass against log dielectric constant in various media, revealed a smaller change in Kass compared to dielectric constant. These plots suggest that the Bjerrum's equation is inadequate in accounting for the associations of ions in a CZE setup.