Stimuli-Responsive Circularly Polarized Organic Ultralong Room Temperature Phosphorescence

Purely organic materials showing room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and ultralong RTP (OURTP) have recently attracted much attention. However, it is challenging to integrate circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) into RTP/OURTP. Here, we show a strategy to realize CPL-active OURTP (CP-OURTP) by binding an achiral phosphor group directly to the chiral center of an ester chain. Engineering of this flexible chiral chain enables efficient chirality transfer to carbazole aggregates, resulting in strong CP-OURTP with a lifetime of over 0.6 s and dissymmetry factor of 2.3×10⁻³ after the conformation regulation upon photo-activation. The realized CP-OURTP is thus stable at room temperature but can be deactivated quickly at 50 °C to CP-RTP with high CPL stability during the photo-activation/thermal-deactivation cycles. Based on this extraordinary photo/thermal-responsive and highly reversible CP-OURTP/RTP, a CPL-featured lifetime-encrypted combinational logic device has been successfully established.     

An N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Derived Distonic Radical Cation

We present the discovery of a novel radical cation formed through one-electron oxidation of an N-heterocyclic carbene–carbodiimide (NHC–CDI) zwitterionic adduct. This compound possesses a distonic electronic structure (spatially separate spin and charge regions) and displays persistence under ambient conditions. We demonstrate its application in a redox-flow battery exhibiting minimal voltage hysteresis, a flat voltage plateau, high Coulombic efficiency, and no performance decay for at least 100 cycles. The chemical tunability of NHCs and CDIs suggests that this approach could provide a general entry to redox-active NHC–CDI adducts and their persistent radical ions for various applications.     

Rationally Designed Three-Layered Cu2S@Carbon@MoS2 Hierarchical Nanoboxes for Efficient Sodium Storage

Hybrid materials, integrating the merits of individual components, are ideal structures for efficient sodium storage. However, the construction of hybrid structures with decent physical/electrochemical properties is still challenging. Now, the elaborate design and synthesis of hierarchical nanoboxes composed of three-layered Cu₂S@carbon@MoS₂ as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries is reported. Through a facile multistep template-engaged strategy, ultrathin MoS₂ nanosheets are grown on nitrogen-doped carbon-coated Cu₂S nanoboxes to realize the Cu₂S@carbon@MoS₂ configuration. The design shortens the diffusion path of electrons/Na⁺ ions, accommodates the volume change of electrodes during cycling, enhances the electric conductivity of the hybrids, and offers abundant active sites for sodium uptake. By virtue of these advantages, these three-layered Cu₂S@carbon@MoS₂ hierarchical nanoboxes show excellent electrochemical properties in terms of decent rate capability and stable cycle life.     

面向脑机接口的犹他神经电极技术

A human brain is composed of a large number of interconnected neurons forming a neural network. To study the functional mechanism of the neural network, it is necessary to record the activity of individual neurons over a large area simultaneously. Brain-computer interface (BCI) refers to the connection established between the human/animal brain and computers/other electronic devices, which enables direct interaction between the brain and external devices. It plays an important role in understanding, protecting, and simulating the brain, especially in helping patients with neurological disorders to restore their impaired motor and sensory functions. Neural electrodes are electrophysiological devices that form the core of BCI, which convert neuronal electrical signals (carried by ions) into general electrical signals (carried by electrons). They can record or interfere with the state of neural activity. The Utah Electrode Array (UEA) designed by the University of Utah is a mainstream neural electrode fabricated by bulk micromachining. Its unique three-dimensional needle-like structure enables each electrode to obtain high spatiotemporal resolution and good insulation between each other. After implantation, the tip of each electrode affects only a small group of neurons around it even allowing to record the action potential of a single neuron. The availability of a large number of electrodes, high quality of signals, and long service life has made UEA the first choice for collecting neuronal signals. Moreover, UEA is the only implantable neural electrode that can record signals in the human cerebral cortex. This article mainly serves as an introduction to the construction, manufacturing process, and functioning of UEA, with a focus on the research progress in fabricating high-density electrode arrays, wireless neural interfaces, and optrode arrays using silicon, glass, and metal as that material of construction. We also discuss the surface modification techniques that can be used to reduce the electrode impedance, minimize the rejection by brain tissue, and improve the corrosion resistance of the electrode. In addition, we summarize the clinical applications where patients can control external devices and get sensory feedback by implanting UEA. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges faced by existing electrodes such as the difficulty in increasing electrode density, poor response of integrated wireless neural interface, and the problems of biocompatibility. To achieve stability and durability of the electrode, advancements in both material science and manufacturing technology are required. We hope that this review can broaden the scope of ideas for the development of UEA. The realization of a fully implantable neural microsystem can contribute to an improved understanding of the functional mechanisms of the neural network and treatment of neurological diseases.     

制备二氧化钛分枝纳米棒阵列结构以提高聚合物杂化太阳电池的性能

分别采用一步水热法和两步水热法在导电玻璃(FTO)上制备了二氧化钛(TiO₂)纳米棒(NR)阵列和TiO₂分枝纳米棒(B-NR)阵列。 利用低温化学浴沉积法(CBD)在TiO₂纳米棒阵列(NRA)和TiO₂分枝纳米棒阵列(B-NRA)基底上沉积Sb₂S₃纳米粒子(NPs)。 接着分别旋涂聚-3已基噻吩(P3HT)和2,2'7,7'-四-(二甲氧基二苯胺)螺芴(Spiro-OMeTAD)组装成TiO₂(NRA)/Sb₂S₃/P3HT/Spiro-OMeTAD和TiO₂(B-NRA)/Sb₂S₃/P3HT/ Spiro-OMeTAD为光活性层的杂化太阳电池。 结果表明,由TiO₂(NRA)/Sb₂S₃/P3HT/Spiro-OMeTAD复合膜结构组装的杂化太阳电池的光电转换效率(PCE)是2.92%,而由TiO₂(B-NRA)/Sb₂S₃/P3HT/Spiro-OMeTAD复合膜结构组装的杂化太阳电池的PCE提高到了4.67%。     

高效液相色谱法结合一测多评法对隔山消发酵前后3种苯乙酮类化合物含量变化的分析

采用高效液相色谱法结合一测多评法测定了隔山消发酵前后2,4-二羟基苯乙酮、2,5-二羟基苯乙酮和白首乌二苯酮等3种苯乙酮类化合物的含量。分别制备发酵前后的隔山消样品溶液,色谱分析中采用Thermo C18色谱柱作为固定相,用不同比例的水(A)、乙腈(B)和甲醇(C)的混合液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,达到上述3种组分的良好分离。采用二极管阵列检测器在相同的检测波长(265nm处)分别测定3种组分的峰面积。分别用一测多评法(QAMS)和外标法计算所测定组分的含量,结果表明两种计算方法所得结果相似性极高,据此认为在隔山消发酵前后的样品溶液中各组分的质量评价中采用QAMS是可行的。按上述方法分析了同一批隔山消样品12份,取其中6份经发酵处理,对所得结果的平均值进行了比较,未经发酵的样品溶液中2,4-二羟基苯乙酮的质量分数为0.208mg·g^-1、2,5-二羟基苯乙酮的质量分数为0.152mg·g^-1,与经发酵的样品溶液中的质量分数(2,4-二羟基苯乙酮的质量分数为0.235mg·g^-1、2,5-二羟基苯乙酮的质量分数为0.180mg·g^-1)相比呈升高趋势,而白首乌二苯酮的质量分数由未经发酵样品溶液中的0.678mg·g^-1下降为发酵样品溶液中的0.543mg·g^-1。此外,研究结果还表明,不同含量的2,5-二羟基苯乙酮和白首乌二苯酮相对于2,4-二羟基苯乙酮(参照物)的相对校正因子和相对保留时间基本相同。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钒铁中8个杂质元素含量和方法精密度的验证

提出了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定钒铁中硅、磷、铝、锰、镍、铬、铜、钛共8个杂质元素含量的方法。钒铁样品(0.5000g),先后加入50%(体积分数)硝酸溶液20mL及50%(体积分数)盐酸溶液10mL,在100℃左右加热溶解,溶解过程中应注意保持溶液体积在25mL左右。将溶液过滤并置于200mL容量瓶中作为母液留用。将滤纸及不溶物一并移入铂坩埚中,置于马弗炉中,先于250℃灰化20min,稍冷后加入无水碳酸钠和硼酸(质量比2∶1)组成的混合熔剂0.3g,升温至950℃融熔15min。冷却,用体积比1∶10的盐酸溶液10mL浸出熔块,将此溶液与上述母液合并并加水定容至200mL。此溶液供ICP-AES在仪器工作条件下进行分析。绘制校准曲线时,加入纯铁和五氧化二钒作为基体,以消除基体干扰,然后加入上述8种元素的标准溶液,并按上述溶液最终稀释体积条件和仪器工作条件制作曲线(R大于0.999)。为验证所提出的分析方法的测定数据的精密度,约请了10个实验室对8个不同含量水平的钒铁样品对方法作协同试验,按GB/T 6379.2-2004所规定的方法求算了重复性标准偏差Sr和重复性限r,以及再现性标准偏差SR和再现性限R,并求得所测定的8种元素在各自的测定范围内的r与w之间和R与w之间的函数关系,说明该方法有较好的稳定性和准确性,而且证明此方法是可行的。     

A Chinese Lantern-like 2D Cu(Ⅱ) Coordination Polymer Constructed by Bis-imidazole and Dicarboxylate Co-ligands: Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Photocatalytic Activity

A new Cu(II) coordination polymer, {[Cu(1,3-BIP)(TFBDC)]·DMF}n(1,1,3-BIP is a 1,3-bis(imidazole)propane, and H2TFBDC is 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalic acid) was prepared under solvothermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, IR spectra, thermogravimetric analyses and elemental analyses. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that metal coordination polymer 1(MCP 1) shows a two-dimensional sheet layer structure, which is further reinforced through strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding to form a 3 D supramolecular framework. Furthermore, the photocatalytic experiment result indicates the degradation ratios of methyl orange(MO) reach 83.4% within 180 minutes when MCP 1 acts as catalyst.     

Coherence transfer delay optimisation in PSYCOSY experiments

PSYCOSY is an f1 broadband homonuclear decoupled version of the COSY nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence. Here, we investigate by a combination of experimental measurements, spatially distributed spin dynamics simulations, and analytical predictions the coherence evolution delay necessary in PSYCOSY experiments to ensure intensity discrimination in favour of the correlations typically arising from short range (ⁿJ, n ≤ 3) ¹H–¹H couplings and show that, in general, a coherence evolution delay of around 35 ms is optimum.     

稀土(Gd3+,La3+)对Eu(p-MOBA)3phen/PMMA荧光及温敏特性的影响

以稀土氧化物(Eu_2O_3,Gd_2O_3,La_2O_3)、对甲氧基苯甲酸(p-MOBA)、菲咯啉(phen)为原料制备了不同稀土离子(Gd~(3+),La~(3+))掺杂的Eu(p-MOBA)_3phen探针分子。将所合成的探针分子与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)混合,以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂引发聚合,制得不同稀土(Gd~(3+),La~(3+))掺杂的Eu(p-MOBA)_3phen/PMMA温敏漆样品。利用扫描电镜、紫外-可见吸收光谱、红外光谱和荧光光谱对探针分子的形貌、结构、发光性能及温敏漆的荧光温度猝灭特性进行表征。红外光谱、紫外可见吸收光谱及扫描电镜能谱分析表明,Eu~(3+)与配体p-MOBA、phen成功配位,且掺入的稀土离子(Gd~(3+),La~(3+))未改变Eu(p-MOBA)_3phen结构,说明掺入的稀土离子(Gd~(3+),La~(3+))部分取代了Eu~(3+)。荧光光谱表明,稀土离子(Gd~(3+),La~(3+))的掺入对Eu(p-MOBA)_3phen的发光均具有增益作用,并且相应的温敏漆在50～100℃温度范围内都具有良好的荧光温度猝灭特性。而且相比于镧掺杂的Eu(p-MOBA)_3phen/PMMA,钆掺杂的Eu(p-MOBA)_3phen/PMMA具有更强的荧光发射和更高的测温灵敏度。可见,不同的稀土(Gd~(3+),La~(3+))对Eu(p-MOBA)_3phen/PMMA的荧光及温敏特性影响是不同的。