基于二维重组和动态窗格的水质检测紫外-可见光谱去噪算法

立足于成功研制的紫外-可见光谱水质检测多参数测量系统,针对紫外-可见光谱水质多参数原位实时检测在精度、灵敏度、稳定性等方面的实际需要,开展了基于二维重组和动态窗格的水质检测紫外-可见光谱去噪算法的研究,以此提高紫外-可见光谱水质检测的测量精度。光谱法水质检测系统通常使用工业级低成本光谱仪,其输出光谱包含明显的非平稳噪声。传统去噪法难以在滤除噪声的同时保留谱线细节。而且,原位实时水质检测条件下,被测水样可能快速变化,传统去噪法中常用的多次采样求均值法将产生额外的测量误差。引入的去噪算法通过对水样光谱进行等间隙连续采样,将光谱数据张成由光谱轴和时间轴构成的二维矩阵,经过二维小波变换后,设置一个可变宽度的窗格在系数矩阵中水平滑动,使用窗格内的小波系数计算得到动态去噪阈值,并随窗格滑动构建去噪阈值向量,由此进行光谱去噪。其中,窗格宽度由相邻区域的噪声方差变化率决定,变化率较高的区域缩小窗格宽度,反之则扩大宽度。实验结果表明,这种去噪算法不仅能有效去除光谱中的非平稳噪声,而且能保留光谱的细节信息,有助于提高仪器的测量精度。与此同时,由于该算法并未使用时域平均,样本的快速变化对去噪性能的影响较小,适合在线或原位水质检测的水样本环境。     

Are the New Physics Contributions from the Left-Right Symmetric Model Important for the Indirect CP Violation in the Neutral B Mesons?

No Heading Several works analyzing the new physics contributions from the Left-Right Symmetric Model to the CP violation phenomena in the neutral B mesons can be found in the literature. These works exhibit interesting and experimentally sensible deviations from the Standard Model predictions but at the expense of considering a low right scale υ_R around 1 TeV. However, when we stick to the more conservative estimates for υ_R, which say that it must be at least 10⁷ GeV, no experimentally sensible deviations from the Standard Model appear for indirect CP violation. This estimate for υ_R arises when the generation of neutrino masses is considered. In spite of the fact that this scenario is much less interesting and says nothing new about both the CP violation phenomenon and the structure of the Left-Right Symmetric Model, this possibility must be taken into account for the sake of completeness and when considering the see-saw mechanism that provides masses to the neutrino sector. ¹ Associate researcher of the Centro Internacional de Física, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.     

小波变换轮廓术的测量范围研究

利用小波“脊”处的小波系数来提取变形条纹中的相位信息可以在很大程度上抑制条纹图中有用的基频分量与零频和其它谐波频率分量的混叠,弥补了傅里叶变换轮廓术的不足。从离散信号频域分析角度,推导了变形条纹小波变换的频谱描述形式,讨论了其测量范围,包括结构条件和抽样条件。结果表明,只有在无周期内瞬时频谱混叠,即任意位置处物体瞬时高度变化满足h/xx=b<1/3条件时,和不存在抽样引起的周期间瞬时频谱混叠的抽样条件下(即一个周期内的抽样点数m≥4时),小波变换轮廓术才能正确恢复被测物体的三维面型。计算机模拟和实验验证了该结论。     

Langmuir-Blodgett self-assembly and electrochemical catalytic property of FePt magnetic nano-monolayer

Dispersed-well FePt nanoparticles with particle size ~5 nm have been prepared by hydrazine hydrate reduction of H₂PtCl₆·6H₂O and FeCl₂·4H₂O in ethanol–water system. By employing as-synthesized FePt nanoparticles, the monolayer can be formed by LB Technique. The structural, magnetic properties and electrochemical properties of FePt monolayer were respectively studied by XRD, TEM, VSM and CHI 820 electrochemical workstation. The as-synthesized particle has a chemically disordered fcc structure and can be transformed into chemically ordered fct structure after annealing treatment above 400°C. The coercivity of ordered fct FePt phase can be up to 2515Oe. CVs of 0.5 M H₂SO₄/0.5M CH₃OH on GCE modified with FePt nanoparticles monolayer films illustrate that the as-synthesized FePt is a kind of active electrochemical catalyst.     

马铃薯深加工工艺废液化学絮凝研究

以钙盐、铝盐、铁盐及聚丙烯酰胺为絮凝剂在不同温度、不同pH等条件下对马铃薯深加工的废液进行化学絮凝。结果发现聚丙烯酰胺加聚合氯化铝絮凝的效果最好。CODCr能由15000mg/L降到5500mg/L,沉降率60%左右。SS能由9500mg/L降到1000mg/L,沉降率为90%左右。能达到进行生物絮凝的要求。     

连续变量量子离物传态的实验研究

利用单个Ⅱ类相位匹配OPA产生的双模压缩态实现连续变量压缩纠缠态，完成了连续变量量 子离物传态. Ⅱ类相位匹配OPA参量反放大过程可以实现正交振幅反关联、正交位相关联的 压缩纠缠态，这不同于一般运转于阈值以下的OPO产生的正交振幅关联、正交位相反关联的 压缩纠缠态，可以采用直接平衡测量的方法完成Bell态测量. 利用双KTP补偿非线性过程的 离散效应，获得了最大压缩大于2dB的双模压缩纠缠态，实现保真度06，考虑到探测效率 实际保真度为057. 这种方案简化了测量方法与纠缠光源产生装置，有利于进行量子通信 的实验研究与应用. 同时，讨论了探测过程中的一些非理想因素. 关键词： 量子离物传态 压缩纠缠态 Bell态测量     

Coiling, entrainment, and hydrodynamic coupling of decelerated fluid jets

From algal suspensions to magma upwellings, one finds jets which exhibit complex symmetry-breaking instabilities as they are decelerated by their surroundings. We consider here a model system--a saline jet descending through a salinity gradient--which produces dynamics unlike those of standard momentum jets or plumes. The jet coils like a corkscrew within a conduit of viscously entrained fluid, whose upward recirculation braids the jet, and nearly confines transverse mixing to the narrow conduit. We show that the underlying jet structure and certain scaling relations follow from similarity solutions to the fluid equations and the physics of Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities.     

X‐ray excited optical luminescence from crystalline silicon

Synchrotron based X‐ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) has been measured with many direct bandgap semiconductors. We present XEOL measurements on crystalline silicon (Si), obtained despite of its indirect bandgap and the consequently low luminescence efficiency. Spectra of monocrystalline and multicrystalline (mc) Si at room temperature are compared to theoretical spectra. A possible application in the synchrotron‐based research on mc‐Si is exemplified by combining XEOL, X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and microscope images of grain boundaries. This approach can be utilized to investigate the recombination activity of metal precipitates, to analyze areas of different lifetimes on mc‐Si samples and to correlate additional material parameters to XRF measurements. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

全息照相实验的探讨

本文简要介绍了全息照相的基本原理,分析了影响激光全息照相实验的诸因素,并对这些因素进行了深入的探讨。实验中采用有良好散射性能的硬币为被拍摄对象,以RSP-I型红敏光致聚合物全息干板为记录介质,使得学生实验成功率大大提高,取得非常好的实验教学效果。