The electrochemical reduction of perezone in the presence of benzoic acid in acetonitrile

An electrochemical study using transient techniques of a quinone-type natural product, perezone, has been performed in acetonitrile and in the presence of benzoic acid. Using linear sweep voltametry and single potential step chronoamperometry, it was possible to establish that the reduction mechanism of perezone involves a monoelectronic charge-transfer step, followed by a protonation step and homogeneous charge transfer due to disproportionation of the protonated intermediate. The mechanism for the homogeneous charge-transfer step was found to be of the type DISP1 (disproportionation order one) from the results of double potential step chronoamperometry experiments. The occurrence of the DISP1 mechanism was provoked by the mildly acidic medium used in this study.     

Improvement of the properties of polyarylate reinforced with liquid crystalline polymers

Blends of polyarylate of bisphenol A, PAr, with two commercial main chain liquid crystalline polymers, Vectra A950 and Vectra B950, are studied. From dynamic viscoelastic measurements it is deduced that both systems (PAr/Vectra A950 and PAr/Vectra B950) are immiscible and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs show the presence of spherical domains of the liquid crystalline polymer when PAr constitutes the matrix. Extrusion capillary measurements reveal that, under conditions of temperature and shear rate similar to those of processing, the viscosity is reduced to approximately 10% of its value when the content of liquid crystalline polymer is only 20%. This great improvement of the rheological properties is observed in both PAr/Vectra A950 and PAr/Vectra B950 blends. The effect of draw ratio on Young's modulus for different compositions is also analyzed, pointing out the reinforcing action of both liquid crystalline polymers on polyarylate: for instance, 20% of Vectra B950 in the blend gives rise to a 700% increase of the modulus of fibres prepared at a draw ratio of 50. SEM of the extrudates reveals that the spherical domains are elongated at the entrance of the capillary giving rise to a microfibrillar morphology which is related to the excellent rheological and mechanical properties of the blends.     

采用热处理方法提高MEH-PPV单层聚合物有机发光二极管发光性能的研究

对以MEH－PPV为发光层的单层聚合物有机发光二极管（OLED）器件在最佳条件下进行真空热处理，并用金相显微镜观察施加电压后器件的阴极表面形貌。发现处理后的器件阴极表面的气泡及黑斑明显减少。器件的发光性能显著提高。与未经处理的器件相比，最大相对发光强度提高了一个数量级、启亮电压降低了2．0V，半寿命提高了12．7倍。初步分析表明热处理方法提高器件发光性能的主要原因在于有效地减少了器件在工作过程中由于焦耳热产生的某些气体，从而减少阴极表面气泡及黑斑的出现，另一方面，热处理方法也增强了有机发光层与阴极接触界面的结合力，提高电子注入水平。     

A Characterization of Cosmological Time Functions

A characterization of time functions on a spacetime is made by using theMöbius equation. It is shown that a time function characterized in this wayyields past timelike geodesic incompleteness and local Lorentzian warpedproduct decomposition of spacetime, provided that the stress-energy tensoris a fluid. Also, by imposing additional assumptions on the stress-energytensor and global analytic structure of the spacetime, more restrictivedecompositions closer to Robertson–Walker spacetimes are obtained.     

Multicommuted fluorometric multiparameter sensor for simultaneous determination of naproxen and salicylic acid in biological fluids.

A combined approach based on solid-phase optosensing and multicommutation principles has been applied to develop a method for the simultaneous analysis of two pharmaceuticals (naproxen and salicylic acid) in biological fluids. The multicommuted flow-through optosensor was based on direct native fluorescence measurements of both analgesics using a non-polar sorbent (C18 silica gel) as a solid sensing zone. The flow system was controlled by Java-written home-made software and designed using three-way solenoid valves for an independent automated manipulation of sample and carrier solutions. Using an optimized sampling time, the method was calibrated in the range of 1 - 25 and 5 - 200 ng mL(-1). The obtained detection limits were 0.3 and 1.3 ng mL(-1) for naproxen and salicylic acid, respectively, with RSD (%) values of better than 2% for both analytes. The proposed methodology was successfully applied to urine, serum and pharmaceutical preparations. Recovery percentages ranging from 96.1 to 104% were obtained for both analytes.     

There exist no 2-type surfaces in E 3 which are images under stereographic projection of minimal surfaces in S 3

In this paper we deal with the following particular case of a weaker conjecture by B. Y. Chen: Are there 2-type Willmore surfaces in E ³? In particular we prove that the above question has a negative answer when the surface is the image under stereographic projection of a minimal surface in S ³.     

矩阵方程（A^TXA，B^TXB=（C，D）的反对称解及其最佳逼近

本利用矩阵对的标准相关分解，得到了矩阵方程(A^TXB，B^TXB)=(C，D)反对称解存在的充分必要条件及通解表达式，同时给出了解关于已知矩阵的最佳逼近．     

Textural changes during CO2 activation of chars: A fractal approach

In this paper two series of active carbons obtained at different flow rates of the activating agent, CO₂, are characterized in order to establish the different mechanisms of pore development during the activation step. This study complements previous works on textural development during the different steps in the process of obtaining active carbons: coal oxidation, coal pyrolysis and char gasification. As the characteristics of the original and intermediate materials are of capital importance in the pore development of active carbons, the properties of the active carbons, precursor chars and coals were considered and analyzed together. Mercury porosimetry and helium picnometry were used to determine classical textural parameters as well as to perform a more detailed study of the pore volume generation during the different conditions of the activation step. Data obtained from the mercury porosimetry determinations was also employed for fractal determinations according to the methodologies proposed by Friesen and Mikula, Zhang and Li and the procedure of Neimark. Average surface fractal dimensions as well as fractal profiles and local surface fractal dimensions were calculated. The use of different flow rates during the activation step produces changes not only in the ordinary textural parameters but also in the fractal characteristics of the active carbons. Activation at higher flow rates leads to smoother fractal profiles and also to lower values of the average surface fractal dimensions of the active carbons.     

KxCoO2·yH2O(x《0.2,y≤0.8)的晶体结构、输运及磁学性质

利用熔融KOH和Co3O4在较低温度(480℃)下反应制备出K0.36CoO2,然后用高锰酸钾溶液和饱和的过硫酸钾溶液进行氧化处理.氧化的同时伴随有水分子嵌入.K0.36CoO2用高锰酸钾和过硫酸钾溶液处理后分别得到K0.12CoO2·0.8H2O和K0.16CO2·0.6H2O.这两种化合物都属于六角晶系,表现出金属行为,脱水后主相变为正交结构并且呈现出半导体特性.K0.16CoO2·0.6H2O在56K附近可能存在自旋玻璃转变行为或其他涨落.随着钾含量的减少和水含量的增多,样品的自旋玻璃行为受到抑制或发生磁性相分离.样品K0.12CoO2·0.8H2O在零场冷却和有场冷却曲线上的分叉现象基本上消失.还讨论了产生KxCoO2与NaxCoO2体系结构和物性差别的原因.     

Comparison of Several Calibration Procedures for Glass Electrodes in Proton Concentration

Several reported procedures for calibrating glass electrodes in proton concentration are compared. Some recommendations for non-experts are also given. The examined procedures can be classified into two broad categories, namely: those based on direct potential difference measurements of solutions of known proton concentration and those that use one or several pH standards to calibrate the electrode and subsequently measure the pH of solutions containing known proton concentrations. With a single buffer, the two types of procedures lead to equivalent results. However, if two pH buffers are used, the slope of the calibration graph in proton concentration will differ from the real electrode slope to an extent proportional to the difference between the liquid junction potentials of the two buffers. Therefore, any other method is preferable under these circumstances.