A concise synthesis of anti-viral agent F-ddA, starting from (S)-dihydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2(3H)-furanone

Anti-HIV agent β-F-ddA (1) has been synthesized starting from readily available non-sugar, (S)-(+)-Dihydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(3H)-furanone (4). A highly syn-stereoselective fluorination of the hydroxy lactone 2 generates the key intermediate fluorolactone 5 in a short and concise synthetic sequence. Reduction of 5 followed by bromination generates the aglycon which is glycosylated to generate F-ddA by amination and deprotection. Steric bulk of the 5-protecting group has minimal effect on the steric course of glycosylation.     

液晶光定向层材料

本文综述了近10年来液晶显示用光定向层材料领域的研究现状和进展情况，主要概述了光降解型、光致异构型、光交联型以及自组装等材料，并对目前报道的液晶光定向机理进行了总结和归纳。     

Melting of icosahedral gold nanoclusters from molecular dynamics simulations

Molecular dynamics simulations show that gold clusters with about 600-3000 atoms crystallize into a Mackay icosahedron upon cooling from the liquid. A detailed surface analysis shows that the facets on the surface of the Mackay icosahedral gold clusters soften but do not premelt below the bulk melting temperature. This softening is found to be due to the increasing mobility of vertex and edge atoms with temperature, which leads to inter-layer and intra-layer diffusion, and a shrinkage of the average facet size, so that the average shape of the cluster is nearly spherical at melting.     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯光引发聚合中的初级自由基终止效应

本文研究了甲基丙烯酸甲酯在30℃时的光引发聚合。当光强较强时,聚合速率和光强的平方根不呈线性关系,聚合速率略低于经典动力学关系式所预示的数值。粘均聚合度的倒数和聚合速率也不呈线性关系。在考虑了初级自由基的终止反应后,这些偏离都得到了合理的解释。 比较甲基丙烯酸甲酯在30℃的光引发聚合和在60℃的过氧化苯甲酰引发聚合的数据,可以看出,初级自由基的终止效应在低温时更为重要。     

Subtractive differential pulse voltammetry following adsorptive accumulation of organic compounds

Subtractive differential pulse voltammetry following adsorptive preconcentration of organic compounds at solid electrodes is described. Different preconcentration periods are used, and the difference between the oxidation (stripping) currents is recorded. Background currents which are independent of the preconcentration period cancel out. Combining the enhanced peak current, due to the preconcentration step, with the background current correction of the subtractive mode, gives improved sensitivity and/or allows the use of shorter preconcentration periods. Chlorpromazine and dopamine have been used as test systems. A detection limit of around 1 x 10(-9)M has been obtained for chlorpromazine with a 10-min preconcentration period. Applicability to clinical samples is illustrated by the determination of chlorpromazine in whole blood and urine.     

微流控芯片技术在生命科学研究中的应用

微流控芯片最初起源于分析化学领域,是一种采用精细加工技术,在数平方厘米的基片,制作出微通道网络结构及其它功能单元,以实现集微量样品制备、进样、反应、分离及检测于一体的快速、高效、低耗的微型分析实验装置.随着微电子及微机械制作技术的不断进步,近年来微流控芯片技术发展迅猛,并开始在化学、生命科学及医学器件等领域发挥重要作用.本文首先简单介绍了微流控芯片制作材料和工艺,然后主要阐述了其在蛋白质分离、免疫分析、DNA分析和测序、细胞培养及检测等方面的应用进展.     

Infrared spectra of V(n)Bz(n+1) sandwich clusters: a theoretical study of size evolution

Results of density functional theory computations of infrared (IR) spectra of linear sandwich V(n)Bz(n+1), n = 1-6, complexes are presented. It is shown that the systematic changes in the spectra as a function of the complex size can be categorized and understood in terms of responses of the "parent" modes of the Bz molecule and the VBz complex. The analysis presented should be applicable to a broad class of linear sandwich systems.     

Photoassisted reaction of chemical warfare agent VX droplets under UV light irradiation

A photoassisted reaction of O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino) ethyl] methylphosphonothioate (VX) droplets in air was carried out. The experimental results indicated that VX droplets could be easily and chemically transformed into other compounds under irradiation of a germicidal lamp over sufficient time. Quantum chemical calculation results demonstrated that UV light less than 278 nm wavelength could possibly initiate photoreaction of VX and that both P-S and P=O bonds in the VX molecule were lengthened. The identification of reaction products by gas and liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy and NMR revealed that the VX molecule in air under UV light irradiation could undergo isomerization of S-esters to O-esters, cleavage of P-S, S-C, and C-N bonds, and ozonation of tertiary amines.     

Molecular recognition properties of salicylic acid-imprinted polymers

Summary Two molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) have been prepared using the acidic drug salicylic acid, which can form intramolecular hydrogen bond, as the template and acrylamide or 4-vinylpyridine as the functional monomer. HPLC was used to evaluate the binding performance of the MIP for the template and for several analogues. The results showed that the MIP (P₂) prepared using acrylamide as the functional monomer had no molecular imprinting effect whereas that (P₁) prepared using 4-vinylpyridine as the functional monomer had a significant molecular imprinting effect. The reason the molecular imprinting effect was different for the two MIP was elucidated and the molecular recognition properties of P₁ were studied in detail. It was confirmed that electrostatic interaction played an important role in the molecular recognition of P₁. Scatchard analysis showed that two types of binding site with distinctly different affinity were formed in P₁. Their dissociation constants were estimated to be 7.6×10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹ and 3.2×10⁻³ mol L⁻¹, respectively. Because P₁ has high affinity and selectivity for salicylic acid not only in organic systems but also in water-containing systems, it gives P₁ the potential for use in the enrichment, separation, and detection of salicylic acid in biological fluids.     

Application of thermo-electrochemistry to simultaneous leaching of sphalerite and MnO2

In order to enhance the electrogenerative leaching rate of sphalerite reasonably, the basic principle of generative process was applied to the simultaneous leaching of sphalerite in the presence of MnO₂. It was confirmed by experimental results that both mental ions and electric energy could be obtained in the simultaneous electrogenerative leaching process. The leaching cell had the open circuit potential about 1.0 V, about 2000 C of electric quantity was obtained, the optimal leaching ratio of Zn²⁺ and Mn²⁺ was 48.5, 39.6% respectively, after electrogenerative leaching for 11 h.