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11.
In spite of its industrial importance, the detailed reaction mechanism of cyclohexane autoxidation by O2 is still insufficiently known. Based on quantum chemical potential energy surfaces, rate coefficients of the primary and secondary chain propagation steps involving the cyclohexylperoxyl (CyOO) radical were evaluated using multiconformer transition-state theory. Including tunneling and hindered-internal-rotation effects, the rate coefficient for hydrogen-atom abstraction from cyclohexane (CyH) by CyOO was calculated to be k(T)= 1.46 x 10(-11) x exp(-17.8 kcal mol(-1)/ RT) cm3s(-1) (300-600K), close to the experimental data. A "Franck-Rabinowitch cage" reaction between the nascent cyclohexylhydroperoxide (CyOOH) and cyclohexyl radical, products from CyOO + CyH, is put forward as an initially important cyclohexanol (CyOH) formation channel. alphaH abstraction by CyOO. from cyclohexanone was calculated to be only about five times faster than that from CyH, too slow to explain all the observed side products. The a-hydrogen (alphaH) abstractions from CyOH and CyOOH by CyOO. are predicted to be about 10 and 40 times faster, respectively, than the CyOO. +CyH reaction. The very fast CyOO.+CyOOH reaction proceeds through the unstable Cy-alphaH .OOH radical that decomposes spontaneously into the ketone (Q=O) plus the OH radical; the "hot" .OH is found to produce the bulk of the alcohol via a second, "activated cage" reaction analogous to that above. It is thus shown how the very reactive CyOOH intermediate is the predominant source of ketone and alcohol, while it also leads to some side products. The alpha-hydroxycyclohexylperoxyl radical formed during the moderately fast oxidation of CyOH is shown to decompose fast into HO2 + cyclohexanone in a rapidly equilibrated reaction, which constitutes a smaller, second ketone source. These two fast cyclohexanone forming routes avoid the need for unfavorable molecular routes hitherto invoked as ketone sources. The theoretical predictions are supported and complemented by experimental findings. The newly proposed scheme is also largely applicable to the oxidation of other hydrocarbons, such as toluene, xylene, and ethylbenzene. 相似文献
12.
Katarína Györyová Ján Skoršepa Jozef Chomič 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1983,114(10):1137-1139
Two cyano complexes of the type [R 3S]2 [Pd(CN)4] (R 3S+=Me 3S+,Ph 3S+ cations) were prepared. The identity of the obtained samples was verified by chemical analysis and investigated by IR-spectroscopy. Thev CN stretching frequencies of the complexes were compared with similar frequencies of the corresponding alkaline cyano complex. The thermal decomposition of the compounds was examined. 相似文献
13.
The protonated form of 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene (DMANH(+)) consists of a rigid, aromatic framework, substituted by two amino groups that are connected by a strong, symmetric (on the NMR time-scale) hydrogen bond bridge. The reorientational motion of the molecule in dimethylformamide-d7 solution was characterized by T(1) and NOE measurements for aromatic (13)C nuclei. Treating the reorientation of DMANH(+) as anisotropic rotational diffusion of a rigid body, the diffusion tensor was determined with good accuracy. Measurements and interpretation of (15)N T(1) and NOE indicate that the proton transfer between potential minima in the hydrogen bond bridge is faster than the molecular reorientation. 相似文献
14.
The effect of vibrational excitation of HBr on the H+HBrH2+Br and H+HBrH+HBr reactions has been investigated on the extended LEPS surface (ELEPS) constructed on the basis of quantum chemically calculated points of PES. Together with this surface the LEPS surface of Sudhakaran and Raff [1] was used for comparison at two relative translational energies. A quasiclassical trajectory method was used to study the abstraction and exchange reaction dynamics. The reactive cross section was calculated as a function of the relative collision energy and the vibrational state of HBr. The following conclusions can be drawn from the results of the study: (i) vibrational excitation v=0 v=2 more than doubles the reaction cross section, (ii) the increase in the collision energy is most effectively channelled into the product translational energy.Dedicated to Professor J. Koutecký on the occasion of his 65th birthday 相似文献
15.
Jozef Rychlý Lyda Matisov-Rychl Milan Lazr Ivica Janigov Matija Strli
Drago Ko
ar Jozef Hanus Jarmila Minrikov Svetozr Katu
k 《Comptes Rendus Chimie》2006,9(11-12):1425
Whatman cellulose impregnated with calcium and magnesium carbonates was oxidized and chemiluminescence accompanying this oxidation has been measured. It was shown that magnesium ions in deacidified cellulose pulp promote the light emission significantly. On the other hand, acid papers give the more pronounced light signals at temperatures close to ambient. The relation between chemiluminescence runs and paper degradation has been implicated, with an attempt to extrapolate half-lives of paper samples to conditions close to ambient. To cite this article: J. Rychlý et al., C. R. Chimie 9 (2006). 相似文献
16.
The Sm+O chemiionization reaction has been investigated theoretically using a method that allows for correlation and relativistic effects. Potential energy curves have been calculated for several electronic states of SmO and SmO+. Comparison with available spectroscopic and thermodynamic values for these species is reported and a mechanism for the chemiionization reaction Sm+O is proposed. The importance of spin-orbit coupling in the excited states of SmO, in allowing this chemiionization reaction to take place, has been revealed by these calculations. This paper shows the metal-plus-oxidant chemiionization reaction. 相似文献
17.
Jozef Chomič Ján Skoršepa Juraj Černák Alexander Hudák 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1982,113(6-7):713-714
The preparation, identification and some properties of three new clathrate compounds Cd(mea)[Pd(CN)4] · 2C6H6, Cd(mea)2[Pd(CN)4] · C4H4S and Cd(mea)2[Pd(CN)4] · C4H4NH (mea = HO-CH2-CH2-NH2) are described. 相似文献
18.
An expectation value approach to calculations of first-order properties using the non-iterative, triple-excitation amplitudes
in the coupled cluster wave function is exploited. Three methods are suggested and analysed using the many body perturbation
theory (MBPT) expansion arguments. The first method, in which non-iterative triple-excitation amplitudes are used in the expression
for the expectation values, makes the wave function accurate through the second order of MBPT. In the second method, which
is an extension of the first, effects of triple-excitation amplitudes are coupled with single- and double-excitation amplitudes.
The correlated density matrix equivalent through the fourth order to that obtained when CCSDT-la amplitudes are used is employed
in the third method. The suggested methods are tested on dipole moment and polarizability calculations for several diatomic
closed-shell molecules and are compared to other related approaches.
Received: 15 May 1997 / Accepted: 5 June 1997 相似文献
19.
Petrovic AG Polavarapu PL Drabowicz J Zhang Y McConnell OJ Duddeck H 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2005,11(14):4257-4262
The enantiomers of 3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-1,1'-spirobi[3 H,2,1]benzoxaselenole have been separated on a chiral preparative chromatographic column. The experimental vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra have been obtained for both enantiomers in CH(2)Cl(2). The theoretical VCD spectra have been obtained by means of density functional theoretical calculations with the B3 LYP density functional. From a comparison of experimental and theoretical VCD spectra, the absolute configuration of an enantiomer with positive specific rotation in CH(2)Cl(2) at 589 nm is determined to be R. This conclusion has been verified by comparing results of experimental optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) to predictions of the same properties using the B3 LYP functional for the title compound. 相似文献
20.
In isotachophoresis (ITP), the sample constituents migrate, depending on their concentrations in the loaded sample, either in fully developed zones or in the boundary layers between the zones of constituents of the corresponding effective mobilities. The latter (spike) migration mode is analytically beneficial in selective detections of trace analytes, especially, when appropriately chosen discrete spacers minimize detection interferences due to matrix constituents. To facilitate a search for suitable mixtures of discrete spacers, a two-step calculation procedure was developed in this work. Using a pool of discrete spacers consisting of 42 anionic and zwitterionic constituents, this procedure was shown effective in the anionic ITP separations performed at pH = 6.5-10.0. Besides the predictions of the migration orders, it was helpful in identifying the spacing constituents that could cause resolution problems due to an uncertainty with which pH of the leading electrolyte solution is known. The ionic mobility and pKa data, taken for the spacing constituents from the literature and the ones obtained from the ITP experiments carried out in this work, were used in the calculations performed in a context with the choice of spacers. Although the data obtained from the ITP experiments provided better results, small uncertainties with which they were acquired (attributable to fluctuations in the experimental conditions) set practical limits in the calculation based choice of multi-component mixtures of the spacing constituents. 相似文献