Vacuum ultra violet absorption spectroscopy of 193 nm photoresists

193 nm photoresists which are methacrylate-based polymers are very sensitive to vacuum ultra violet (VUV) light (100 nm<λ<200 nm) generated by plasmas used for pattern transfer technologies. Upon plasma treatment the physical properties of the polymers can be deeply modified. To better understand the chemical changes involved, the absorption coefficient of a commercial 193 nm photoresist has been measured in the 120–280 nm wavelength range using a home built experimental set-up. The different contributions to the absorption were identified by also measuring the spectra of model polymers and simpler polymer chains. This knowledge was then used to identify the chemical changes in the photoresist upon heating up to 240°C.     

A density functional theory study of uranium(VI) nitrate monoamide complexes

Density functional theory calculations were performed on uranyl complexed with nitrate and monoamide ligands (L) [UO(2)(NO(3))(2)·2L]. The obtained results show that the complex stability is mainly governed by two factors: (i) the maximization of the polarizability of the coordinating ligand and (ii) the minimization of the steric hindrance effects. Furthermore, the electrostatic interaction between ligands and uranium(vi) was found to be a crucial parameter for the complex stability. These results pave the way to the definition of (quantitative) property/structure relationships for the in silico screening of monoamide ligands with improved extraction efficiency of uranium(vi) in nitrate acidic solution.     

Tl2Te and its relationship with Tl5Te3

The crystal structure of Tl₂Te, dithallium telluride, has been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The analysis of the structure shows that this compound is the first known representative of a new crystal structure type. The structural relationship with the related Tl₅Te₃ phase is discussed.     

The photon-avalanche process in rare-earth-activated solids

Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, URA CRS 442; 43, bd du 11 novembre 1918, bat. 205; 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, FRANCE. Published in Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 62, No. 4, pp. 126–137, July–August, 1995.     

Influence of the crosslink network structure on stress‐relaxation behavior: Viscoelastic modeling of the compression set experiment

A viscoelastic approach of the compression set test is addressed in this work. This test measures the ability of rubber compounds to retain elastic properties after prolonged action of compressive stresses. Elastic properties were tested by recording the normal stress under a constant deformation of 25% with a laboratory rheometer. Considering the Boltzmann superposition principle, compression set data were modeled from the relaxation of Young's modulus, described by a Maxwell spectrum plus a constant E_∞ defining the elastic properties at the long times. This approach was developed with the copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA) networks crosslinked by radical chemistry and by an exchange reaction between acetate groups and silane compounds as crosslinking agents. Regarding the recovery of the elastic properties, radical chemistry provided better results than the exchange reaction for the identical crosslinking density of the network. Then, the Curro–Pincus molecular approach was developed to understand the influence of the microstructure of the EVA network on the elastic properties. The difference of the elastic properties between the two networks crosslinked by two different chemistry means was accounted for by considering the probability of having a dangling end of n units for a random crosslinking process. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1779–1790, 2003     

A comparative post-Hartree–Fock and density functional theory study of monochalcogenide diatomic molecules

HOMO and LUMO (FMOs) play important role in the optical properties of meridianal isomer of tris(8-hydroxyquinolino)aluminum (mer-Alq3) and its derivatives. The frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) also play a vital role in the process of charge transport. It is urgent to find the reason of FMO distribution pattern among the ligands. The structures of mer-Alq3 and its “CH”/N substituted derivatives have been optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G^* level. Energy decomposition analysis has been performed at the B3LYP/DZP level. The results of energy-partitioning analysis of ground states are discussed. It has been explained that HOMOs are on A-ligands due to weaker electrostatic interaction energy between L_a-AlL_bL_c fragments while LUMOs are on B-ligands due to weaker orbital interaction energy between L_b-AlL_aL_c fragments.     

Les Systèmes B2O3?MO?MS Boracites M?S (M = Mg,Mn, Fe,Cd) et Sodalites M?S (M = Co,Zn)

In the B₂O₃? MO? MS (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, Cd) systems six ternary phases have been isolated, four of them having the structure of the cubic variety of the boracite, Mg₃B₇O₁₃Cl, and two the structure of the sodalite, Na₄(SiAlO₄)₃Cl. Some properties of the new phases have been investigated.