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91.
Arezou Rezazadeh Josep Font-Segura Alfonso Martinez Albert Guilln i Fbregas 《Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,23(5)
This paper studies a generalized version of multi-class cost-constrained random-coding ensemble with multiple auxiliary costs for the transmission of N correlated sources over an N-user multiple-access channel. For each user, the set of messages is partitioned into classes and codebooks are generated according to a distribution depending on the class index of the source message and under the constraint that the codewords satisfy a set of cost functions. Proper choices of the cost functions recover different coding schemes including message-dependent and message-independent versions of independent and identically distributed, independent conditionally distributed, constant-composition and conditional constant composition ensembles. The transmissibility region of the scheme is related to the Cover-El Gamal-Salehi region. A related family of correlated-source Gallager source exponent functions is also studied. The achievable exponents are compared for correlated and independent sources, both numerically and analytically. 相似文献
92.
Lina Kantiani Marinella Farré Josep Manuel Grases i Freixiedas Damià Barceló 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2010,398(3):1195-1205
A fully automated method has been developed for analysis of eighteen antibacterial compounds, including penicillins, cephalosporins
and sulfonamides, in animal feed with limits of quantification in the range 0.25–5.79 μg kg−1. The method is based on pressurized liquid extraction of 3 g homogenized feed with water and online clean-up of 500 μL of
the extract with C18HD cartridges. The purified sample was directly analysed by liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (SPE–LC–ESI-MS–MS).
Chromatographic separation was achieved within 10 min by use of a C12 Phenomenex Hydro-RP reversed-phase analytical column and a mobile phase gradient (water + 0.1% formic acid–methanol + 0.1%
formic acid). The method was validated, revealing capability for detection of concentrations as low as 0.09 μg kg−1, decision limits (CCα) and detection capabilities (CCβ) in the range 10–174 μg kg−1 and 22–182 μg kg−1, respectively, and inter-day precision ranging from 0.7 to 8.3%. Recovery, with internal standard correction, was in the
range 93–134% for all analytes. The method was then applied to analysis of fifteen feed samples, nine of which contained at
least one antimicrobial at concentrations between 0.006 and 1.526 mg kg−1. The performance data and results from the method were compared with those from a previous method developed by our group,
using offline SPE, by analyzing the same set of samples by both methods. The online SPE approach resulted in slightly improved
sensitivity, with LODs of 0.09–2.12 μg kg−1 compared with 0.12–3.94 μg kg−1 by the offline approach. In general, better recovery was achieved by use of online purification (for 72% of the analytes)
and the correlation between the two methods was good. The main advantages of the new online method are rapid and automated
sample pre-treatment, and reduction of sample manipulation, enabling high-throughput analysis and highly accurate results.
Because of all these characteristics, the proposed method is applicable and could be deemed necessary within the field of
food control and safety. 相似文献
93.
Testosterone metabolism revisited: discovery of new metabolites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Oscar J. Pozo Josep Marcos Rosa Ventura Andreu Fabregat Jordi Segura 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2010,398(4):1759-1770
The metabolism of testosterone is revisited. Four previously unreported metabolites were detected in urine after hydrolysis
with KOH using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method and precursor ion scan mode. The metabolites were characterized
by a product ion scan obtained with accurate mass measurements. Androsta-4,6-dien-3,17-dione, androsta-1,4-dien-3,17-dione,
17-hydroxy-androsta-4,6-dien-3-one and 15-androsten-3,17-dione were proposed as feasible structures for these metabolites
on the basis of the mass spectrometry data. The proposed structures were confirmed by analysis of synthetic reference compounds.
Only 15-androsten-3,17-dione could not be confirmed, owing to the lack of a commercially available standard. That all four
compounds are testosterone metabolites was confirmed by the qualitative analysis of several urine samples collected before
and after administration of testosterone undecanoate. The metabolite androsta-1,4-dien-3,17-dione has a structure analogous
to that of the exogenous anabolic steroid boldenone. Specific transitions for boldenone and its metabolite 17β-hydroxy-5β-androst-1-en-3-one
were also monitored. Both compounds were also detected after KOH treatment, suggesting that this metabolic pathway is involved
in the endogenous detection of boldenone previously reported by several authors. 相似文献
94.
Francesca Zavarise Encarnació Companys Josep Galceran Giancarla Alberti Antonella Profumo 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2010,397(1):389-394
Absence of gradients and Nernstian equilibrium stripping (AGNES) is a recently developed electroanalytical technique specifically designed for the direct determination of free concentrations of metal ions. AGNES is applied here to the determination of free Zn concentration in a river water sample. The method has been validated with synthetic solutions of low ionic strengths containing Zn and 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and then applied to synthetic river waters and to a natural sample collected from Besòs River in Montcada i Reixac (Catalonia, North-Eastern Spain). In the river sample, an average free Zn concentration of 12.8(4) nM was obtained, while the total dissolved Zn concentration was 0.51(8)?μM. To control and maintain pH and pCO2 constant during AGNES measurements, a novel device for N2/CO2 mixed purging has been developed. 相似文献
95.
Laia Vilà‐Nadal José Pedro Sarasa Dr. Antonio Rodríguez‐Fortea Dr. Joan Igual Dr. Leonid P. Kazansky Dr. Josep M. Poblet Prof. Dr. 《化学:亚洲杂志》2010,5(1):97-104
DFT calculations were carried out to study 183W NMR chemical shifts in the family of the Keggin anions with formula α‐[XW12O40]q? (X=B, Al, Si, P, Ga, Ge, As, Zn), in the β‐ and γ‐[SiW12O40]4? geometric isomers, in the derivative Dawson anion [P2W18O62]6?, and in the most symmetrical Lindqvist [W6O19]2? anion and its derivative [W10O32]4?. In this article, we show that the geometry employed in the calculation of NMR chemical shifts in polyoxotungstates is extremely important if we want to be quantitative. Using very large basis sets of QZ4P quality and taking into account the conductor‐like screening model (COSMO) to account for solvent effects (aqueous and organic solutions), good geometries were found for the polyoxoanions. From these optimal geometries the 183W NMR chemical shifts were computed with the more standard basis sets of TZP quality and including spin–orbit corrections inside the zero‐order regular approximation (ZORA) to describe the relativistic effects of the internal electrons. With this strategy the mean absolute error between experimental and theoretical values was found to be less than 10 ppm, which is similar to the experimental error. We also discuss how the geometry of the polyoxoanion influences on the shielding. 相似文献
96.
Anna Fàbregas-Fernández Encarna García-Montoya Pilar Pérez-Lozano Josep M. Suñé-Negre Josep Ramon Ticó Montserrat Miñarro 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2010,15(5):297-304
There is currently no universal or standardized quality system for the recognition of excellence of a research center. Knowledge
and competence may not be enough in the current rapidly changing world in which high productivity and continuous improvement
are essential. The purpose of this study was to assess the impacts of implementing the ISO9001:2000:2000 standard in an academic
research center dedicated to R+D+I (research, development and innovation) in the pharmaceutical industry. The article describes
the stages we followed to implement the ISO9001:2000 system, which was achieved by integrating it into the previous regulatory
system of GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices). As a result of implementing ISO9001:2000, the center has seen distinct improvements,
such as fewer errors in project documentation, improved assessment of customer satisfaction, and the effective implementation
of periodic plans, e.g., in calibration, preventive maintenance, and investments. Overall, ISO9001:2000 implementation has
been beneficial for the organization and could be applied to other research centers. 相似文献
97.
Josep Esteve-Romero Adria Martinavarro-Domínguez José V. Marcos-Tomás Enrique Ochoa-Aranda Maria Rambla-Alegre 《Chromatographia》2010,71(3-4):273-277
Micellar liquid chromatography was employed for the monitoring of procainamide and its metabolite N-acetylprocainamide using a C18 column. Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and modifier concentrations were optimised in order to obtain minimum analysis time, maximum sensitivity and good resolution. The optimum chromatographic conditions were as follows: flow rate 1 mL min?1, injection volume 20 μL, temperature at 25 °C, respectively. The mobile phase consisted of 0.05 M SDS-1% (v/v) butanol–phosphate buffer (10 mM, pH 7, 0.9%, w/v) NaCl using a detection wavelength at 280 nm. Validation studies were carried out according to the ICH guideline and included the determination of calibration curves (r 2 > 0.999), intra- and inter-day precisions (CV < 3.9%), robustness and interference studies, respectively. The recoveries in spiked serum samples were adjusted. Finally, the optimized method was applied to serum samples of patients treated with antiarrhythmics, and the results were compared with those given by a reference method where a good correlation was obtained. 相似文献
98.
We present a bijective correspondence between congruences of semilattices with sectionally finite height (i.e., meet-semilattices whose principal downsets have finite length) and certain special subsets of their universes. We characterize these subsets from a purely order-theoretic point of view and prove that the bijection coincides with the Leibniz operator of abstract algebraic logic. 相似文献
99.
Alex Yashkin Josep Rayo Larson Grimm Martin Welch Michael M. Meijler 《Chemical science》2021,12(12):4570
In recent years, the world has seen a troubling increase in antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens. In order to provide alternative strategies to combat bacterial infections, it is crucial deepen our understanding into the mechanisms that pathogens use to thrive in complex environments. Most bacteria use sophisticated chemical communication systems to sense their population density and coordinate gene expression in a collective manner, a process that is termed “quorum sensing” (QS). The human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses several small molecules to regulate QS, and one of them is N-butyryl-l-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL). Using an activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) strategy, we designed biomimetic probes with a photoreactive group and a ‘click’ tag as an analytical handle. Using these probes, we have identified previously uncharacterized proteins that are part of the P. aeruginosa QS network, and we uncovered an additional role for this natural autoinducer in the virulence regulon of P. aeruginosa, through its interaction with PhzB1/2 that results in inhibition of pyocyanin production.Short-chain reactive probes can be used as tools to shed new light on virulence mechanisms in bacterial pathogens. 相似文献
100.
Rachel Grainger Dr. Josep Cornella Dr. David C. Blakemore Dr. Igor Larrosa Dr. Josep M. Campanera 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,20(50):16680-16687
A combined experimental and computational investigation on the Ag‐catalysed decarboxylation of benzoic acids is reported herein. The present study demonstrates that a substituent at the ortho position exerts dual effects in the decarboxylation event. On one hand, ortho‐substituted benzoic acids are inherently destabilised starting materials compared to their meta‐ and para‐substituted counterparts. On the other hand, the presence of an ortho‐electron‐withdrawing group results in an additional stabilisation of the transition state. The combination of both effects results in an overall reduction of the activation energy barrier associated with the decarboxylation event. Furthermore, the Fujita–Nishioka linear free energy relationship model indicates that steric bulk of the substituent can also exert a negative effect by destabilising the transition state of decarboxylation. 相似文献